Activated carbon is a kind of microcrystalline carbon material made of carbon-containing material with black appearance, developed internal pore structure, large surface area and strong adsorption capacity. It is a commonly used adsorbent, catalyst or catalyst carrier and is widely used in almost all national economic sectors and people's daily lives.
A method in which a carbonaceous raw material is mixed with certain chemicals and then subjected to heat treatment to obtain activated carbon is called a chemical method. Activated carbon produced by chemical methods is also called chemical activated carbon or chemical char. Chemicals that can be used as chemical methods are also called activators. Activators include zinc chloride, calcium chloride, potassium carbonate, phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfide, sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, boric acid, and the like. In summary, many acids, bases, and salts can be used as activators, mainly considering the activator used from the performance and economy of activated carbon. Generally speaking, the secondary micropores and mesopores (ie, pores with pore diameters or pore widths larger than 1.5 nm) in the pores of chemical charcoal are more developed, and are mainly used for gas phase (steam) adsorption in liquid phase adsorption refining and solvent recovery.
The adsorption capacity of activated carbon has a certain relationship with the level of water temperature and the quality of water. The higher the water temperature, the stronger the adsorption capacity of activated carbon; if the water temperature is above 30 °C, the adsorption capacity reaches the limit and there is a possibility of gradual decrease. When the water quality is acidic, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for anionic substances is relatively weakened; when the water quality is alkaline, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for cationic substances is weakened. Therefore, the pH of the water is unstable, which will also affect the adsorption capacity of activated carbon.
The principle of adsorption of activated carbon is: a balanced surface concentration is formed on the surface of the particles, and the impurities of the organic substances are adsorbed into the activated carbon particles, and the initial adsorption effect is high. However, after a long period of time, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon will be weakened to varying degrees, and the adsorption effect will also decrease. If the water in the aquarium is turbid and the organic content in the water is high, the activated carbon will soon lose its filtering function. Therefore, activated carbon should be cleaned or replaced regularly.
The size of the activated carbon particles also has an effect on the adsorption capacity. In general, the smaller the activated carbon particles, the larger the filtration area. Therefore, the powdered activated carbon has the largest total area and the best adsorption effect, but the powdered activated carbon easily flows into the aquarium with water, which is difficult to control and is rarely used. Granular activated carbon is not easy to flow due to particle formation, and impurities such as organic matter in water are not easily blocked in the activated carbon filter layer, and its adsorption capacity is strong, and it is convenient to carry and replace.
The adsorption capacity of activated carbon is proportional to the time of contact with water. The longer the contact time, the better the water quality after filtration. Note: The filtered water should flow out of the filter layer slowly. The new activated carbon should be cleaned before the first use, otherwise black ink will flow out. Before the activated carbon is loaded into the filter, it should be spread with 2~3 cm thick sponge at the bottom and top to prevent the penetration of large particles such as algae. After 2~3 months of activated carbon, if the filtration effect is reduced, it should be exchanged. New activated carbon and sponge layers should be replaced regularly.
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