Basic knowledge about cables

A cable is usually a rope-like cable twisted from several or several sets of conductors (at least two in each group). Each set of conductors is insulated from each other and often twists around a center. The entire bread has a height. Insulation coating. They are set up in the air or installed underground and under water for telecommunications or power transmission. In 1832, Tsar Russia veteran Xu Lingge buried the telegraph line underground, and the six wires were rubber insulated and placed in glass tubes. This is the earliest underground cable in the world.

An insulated wire formed by one or more mutually insulated conductive cores in a sealed jacket. Outside it can be added to the protective cover for transmission, distribution of electrical energy or transmission of electrical signals. Its difference from ordinary wires is mainly the large size of the cable and its complicated structure.

The cable is mainly composed of the following four parts. 1 Conductive core: Made of high conductivity material (copper or aluminum). According to the laying conditions of the requirements for softness of the cable, each core may be formed by twisting a single wire or multiple wires.

2 Insulating layer: The insulating material used for the cable should have high insulation resistance, high breakdown electric field strength, low dielectric loss and low dielectric constant. Insulating materials commonly used in cables include oil-impregnated paper, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene, and rubber. Cables are often classified by insulating materials such as oil-impregnated paper-insulated cables, polyvinyl chloride cables, cross-linked polyethylene cables, and the like.

3 Sealed sheath: protects insulated cores from mechanical, moisture, moisture, chemicals, light, etc. For easily damped insulation, lead or aluminum extrusion seals are generally used.

4 protective cover: to protect the sealing jacket from mechanical damage. General use of galvanized steel, steel wire or copper, copper wire wrapped around the outside of the sheath (called armored cable), armored layer at the same time as the electric field shielding and prevent external electromagnetic interference. In order to avoid the corrosion of the surrounding medium by the steel strip and the steel wire, they are usually coated with asphalt or wrapped with a layer of impregnated jute or extruded polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.

Cables can be divided into power cables, communication cables, and control cables according to their use. Compared with overhead lines, cables have the advantages of small insulation distance between lines and small space. They are laid underground and do not occupy space above the ground. They are not affected by the pollution of the surrounding environment, they have high reliability of power transmission, and they interfere with personal safety and the surrounding environment. small. However, the cost is high, construction and maintenance are bothersome, and manufacturing is also complicated. Therefore, cables are often used in densely populated areas and densely populated areas as well as in busy traffic areas; large-span overhead lines can be avoided when crossing rivers, rivers, and seabeds. Cables can also be used wherever it is necessary to avoid interference with overhead transmission lines and where aesthetics or exposure targets need to be considered.

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