Due to the addition of free amino acids, the ideal protein concept helps feed formulators significantly reduce their dependence on raw material prices.
The increasing popularity of amino acids has enabled feed formulators to efficiently switch from a formulation based on dietary crude protein to a formulation based on essential amino acids. The high precision of amino acids can lead to a sharp decrease in dietary crude protein (CP) levels while still ensuring pig performance. Now, it is expected to formulate a diet with no minimum CP level limit, of which 7 amino acids are co-restricted lysine is the main formula, and threonine ranks second.
This is good news for feed producers. In fact, finding protein is the core business of feed formulators in the treatment of nitrogen nutrition. Unstable feed ingredient prices make buyers crazy. In addition to protein-rich plants such as soybeans, every amino acid-rich plant must be used, such as alfalfa, gluten, grain by-products, algae, and the like.
At the same time, environmental regulations are tying agricultural extensions to efficient wastewater and waste management practices. For example, in the European Union, the expansion of aquaculture is linked to the ability to treat nitrogen waste. Nitrogen reduction is a key aspect of farmer practice.
Due to the addition of tryptophan, the proportion of CP in the diet formulation of growing pigs (pig weight above 25 kg) decreased from 16% to 14.5%, and the price also decreased.
Turn to the ideal protein concept
It is well known that the total amino acids provided in feed are not completely absorbed by the animal's digestive tract. Feed formulators use digestible amino acids instead of total amino acids to avoid paying for raw materials that are wasted by animals. When "restricted amino acids" are incorrectly used in a formulation, CP-based formulations can lead to excessive waste.
In the ideal protein concept, the researchers recommend understanding the exact amount of digestible amino acids. In addition to precision, this concept is also important in the amino acid grading system with the concept of “restricted amino acidsâ€. Even if the total amino acid exhibits a level of filling, if the animal does not obtain a sufficient amount of limiting amino acids, it cannot utilize other amino acids. If the animal is a first-handed accordion, the need for limiting amino acids is like a string at a different position. The first limiting amino acid is the smallest string, giving the organ a true tone, as explained by Leibig's law of minimum factors.
The ideal protein requirement is related to lysine and is the first limiting amino acid required for finishing pigs.
Current research is also deepening. In October 2013, three researchers from the French Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Inra) updated the amino acid requirements of piglets. Their research shows that certain amino acids, if added in excess, reduce the growth rate of pigs due to competition between metabolism and nutrient delivery.
For example, an excess of leucine supply can exacerbate proline deficiency. Researchers need to find a more appropriate amount between amino acid supply and demand to successfully produce a pig diet that does not contain soybean meal. They used wheat, barley, corn, and free amino acids to replace the soybean meal in the piglet diet, and tested how much CP content could be reduced without affecting performance. This test shows that the minimum amount of nitrogen must be between 13% and 14% of the CP content. However, this trial confirmed that a significant reduction in protein in the diet is achievable.
Research brings demand, the industry to produce free amino acids
Diet management aims to improve the utilization of diets and reduce the amount of waste. Since the animal's demand for amino acids may affect dietary needs, the best approach is to provide a quantification of the amino acids required for each animal at each stage or in each case. Once the study identified the exact amount of essential amino acids required for the pig, it was the industry's turn to act: lysine and methionine, then threonine, tryptophan. Recently, proline has also been mass-produced.
In 2013, lysine production exceeded 2 million tons, but its consumption around the world is still growing. The same trend was also observed in threonine (400,000 tons) and tryptophan (15,000 tons), explained Olivier Hartz, vice president of sales and business operations at Ajinomoto Eurolysine SAS.
From 2007 to 2013, the use of terpenes in Europe was reduced by about 5%. The amount of soybean meal was reduced by 7.6 million tons, and the reduced amount has been partially compensated by rapeseed meal and sunflower seed meal. This "deficit" is compensated by two trends: the combination of cereals and free amino acids is increasing, increasing by 5% and 65%, respectively, and by 30%. Due to the lack of protein, this change was originally derived from environmental considerations and has progressed smoothly.
European feed formulators prefer a more concentrated formula
Hartz announced the findings of Ajinomoto's French company, explaining that formulators have seized the opportunity to reduce the amount of CP in European pig diets by reducing protein content and adding lysine to obtain a more concentrated formula.
For example, between 2008 and 2013, the average percentage of lysine/CP in piglet feed increased from 6.5% to 6.73%. In EU countries, formulators react differently to these new practices. For example, Finland has reached a high average percentage of CP (6.89%) as early as 2008; Germany and Italy reached 7.01% in 2013. The Netherlands rose from 6.34% in 2008 to 6.51% in 2013. France rose from 6.47% to 6.8%.
This trend has a greater impact on the formulation of finishing pigs because the amount of feed is more important than piglet feed. This shift has already begun earlier. In 2011 and 2012, Italy did not change much. The average percentage of CP was 5.88%. Feed producers in Belgium and the Netherlands have changed significantly, with an average percentage of CP of 6.3% and 6.48%, respectively. France has progressed more slowly, with an average percentage of 5.95% for CP in 2011 and 6.12% for 2012. The Spanish diet formular maintained the average percentage of CP more stable, at 6.32% in 2011 and 6.41% in 2012.
The decision to use free amino acids in the formula can save a lot of money, Hartz said: “With the help of tryptophan, the content of CP in finishing pig diets has been reduced from 16% to 14.5%. Without the minimum protein binding, every The metric tons of pig feed saves 3 euros ($4) to 15 euros ($20.5)."
For example, depending on the corn incorporation rate (38% or 65%), the use of free amino acids can save feed producers 14 to 15 euros ($19 to $20.5), which gives producers an opportunity but is difficult Do it.
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