The National Development and Reform Commission recently announced that it decided to use the space for electricity prices vacated by the fall in thermal coal prices while maintaining the current level of total electricity sales price, properly increase the price of renewable energy electricity, denitrification price, and increase the price of electricity and dust. Support the development of renewable energy, encourage coal-fired power generation companies to carry out denitrification, dust removal, and improve air quality.
How is China's sales price classified? How will the future tariff classification be adjusted? The responsible person of the National Development and Reform Commission's Price Division stated that China intends to use five years or so to divide the sales price from the current main industry and use into seven categories, and gradually transition to the main use of electricity load characteristics to be divided into three categories. Clear structure, reasonable prices, and simplified sales price classification structure system.
Current sales price classification is too fine
Some people say that China has the world's most complex electricity price classification system. Although this is a slight exaggeration, it is also an image. According to the person in charge of the Price Division of the National Development and Reform Commission, China's sales tariff system has evolved from the era of planned economy, and is mainly classified by industry and electricity use. Currently, it is divided into residents, agricultural production, large industries, commerce, and non- Industrial and general industry, non-residential lighting seven categories. There are some subcategories under some of the seven categories. For example, under the agricultural production category, there is the category of agricultural irrigation and drainage for poverty-stricken counties; under the large-scale industrial category, there are electrolytic aluminum power and small and medium-sized chemical fertilizers. Based on the classification of electricity use, based on the cost of electricity supply, China has introduced two-part pricing and time-of-use pricing for major industries and other major categories.
As China has experienced a long period of power shortage, subdividing the power consumption category is conducive to the efficient use of limited power resources. However, with the increase of power supply and the continuing advancement of power market reforms, the existing pricing relationship between the sales price classification method and the classification has not been adapted to the requirements of China's market economy reform and development. The first is that the classification based on electricity use is too small, while the classification based on the cost of electricity is too simple and tedious. The main problem in classifying electricity-based applications is that electricity prices cannot fully reflect the cost of electricity supply. Second, the parity relationship between electricity categories is unreasonable. For users with the same power load characteristics, there is a problem of different power rates depending on the type of power consumption. There is no fair user burden, and there are many cross-subsidies among users. At present, there are mainly cases where electricity is used to subsidize agriculture and residential electricity, and users with high load rates subsidize users with low load rates. The third is to restrict the next step in power reform. The core content of power reform is to give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, and the formation of electricity prices through market mechanisms can better reflect costs. The current sales price classification based on electricity use does not accurately reflect the cost of power users. A direct transition to market pricing will result in excessive price changes and restrict the smooth progress of power reform.
The commodity characteristics of electricity need to be categorized
The person in charge said that electricity is a commodity and its price should reflect the cost of electricity and the state of supply and demand. At the same time, electricity is a special commodity, mainly reflected in the network, instantaneous and universal service. The network nature is that electricity is transported through the grid at the speed of light. To meet the power demand, it is necessary to build the relevant transmission network in advance; the instantaneous nature is that electricity production and consumption are completed at the same instant, and electric energy cannot be stored on a large scale; universal service is electricity as an infrastructure, and the government has an obligation. Ensure that all users, including remote areas and rural areas, can receive electricity services at an acceptable price.
The special nature of electricity makes its pricing different from that of general commodities. Its cost is highly related to the user's electricity consumption characteristics and time period, and it needs to be categorized and formulated. Factors affecting the power supply cost: First, the power load characteristics, the power grid must be based on the user's maximum power demand for equipment configuration, so users of the same power demand, the unit cost of continuous power users is necessarily lower than intermittent power users; It is the scale and voltage level of electricity use, large scale of electricity consumption, high level of electricity voltage, less transmission links, and low power supply costs, conversely, the cost of electricity supply will be high; the third is the time of electricity consumption, peak hours of electricity consumption, and peak hours. In the season, the cost of electricity supply is high. During low-hour and off-peak seasons, the cost of electricity supply is low.
Paying attention to protecting the interests of residents and agricultural users
The responsible person stated that since the adjustment of the sales price classification structure has a significant impact on the interests of users, the problem of solving the classification of sales price needs to be gradually promoted. It is necessary to consider not only the direction of the price reform of resource products, but also its unwavering implementation. The user's ability to bear, especially to protect the interests of residents and agricultural users, must also learn from the practice of the foreign sales price reform system.
From the National Development and Reform Commission, it was learned that the final introduction of a policy to adjust the classification structure of sales price requires that, over a five-year period, gradually change the current sales price system, which is mainly based on the use of electricity, into electricity cost and electricity load characteristics. To classify for the main, to establish a clear structure, reasonable price, reasonable and simple sales price system. The main contents of the reform are as follows: First, simplify the classification of sales price based on the use of electricity; Second, gradually introduce pricing based on the cost of electricity supply and the characteristics of electricity load.
The person in charge believes that with the advancement of the adjustment of the sales price classification structure, the burden of electricity consumption in some industries will be reduced. The use of electricity for residents’ households and residential public facilities, social welfare institutions, and service facilities for urban and rural community residents’ committees will be classified as residential electricity use, and the use of rough-processing products for agricultural products will be included in the scope of electricity production for agriculture, which will significantly reduce the electricity consumption burden on these industries. , is conducive to the development of related industries.
How to classify foreign electricity prices
Each country adopts a classification method to set the sales price, and there are mainly two classification methods. One is based on the cost of electricity supply, such as France, which has been carefully categorized according to capacity, peak-to-peak time, summer and winter. Among them, there are only 9 gears according to capacity, and there are blue day (300 days), white day (43 days), and red day (22 days) as well as the mobile peak hours. In some countries such as the United Kingdom, real-time electricity prices are imposed on large users, and prices vary according to market conditions every hour or even every 15 minutes. One is based on the nature of users. For example, Korea divides its users into six categories: residents, education, general electricity, industry, agriculture, and street lighting. However, for each type of electricity, it is still subdivided based on the cost of electricity supply. Part load rate, sub-period pricing.
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