In the process of corn planting, due to poor growth environment, management and other factors, there is often a phenomenon that only sticks are not strong, which has a great impact on corn yield.
Symptom analysis
There are many types of corn ear sturdy, but there are roughly five types:
1 empty tree, the whole plant is not knotted
2 "half face", the whole ear of corn has no whole line
3 "tips", no seeds or kernels in the upper part of the corn
4 "Gypsophila", the ear of corn is scattered
5 corn ear near the base of the stalk
cause
Temperature and humidity are not suitable
The optimum temperature for corn flowering is 22~26 °C, and the most suitable relative humidity is 65%~90%. The drought before tasseling caused the florets on the top of the ears to develop poorly, and the silk was delayed; the drought and water shortage after tasseling and the silking of the ears were delayed, so the interval between tassel flowering and female silking was relatively prolonged, causing the flowering period to be unsuccessful. Pollination; high temperature and low relative humidity during loose powder, pollen loses vitality, and only a small amount of filament is pollinated, resulting in lack of grain. Under normal circumstances, the temperature during the loose powder period is more than 35 degrees for three consecutive days, or the maximum temperature of the day is above 38 degrees, and the pollen vitality drops by more than 80%!
Bad weather conditions
From the big bell period to before heading, it is the period when corn needs the most fertilizer. If the weather is dry, it will affect the normal flowering of the tassel and the extraction of the fringe of the ear, causing the tassel to advance and the silking delay, the vitality of the pollen is weak, the filament is easy to wither, and the pollination is poor.
During the pollination period of corn, if the rainy weather is insufficient and the weather is insufficient, the pollen will swell and rupture to death or stick into a mass, losing the ability to pollinate, so that the fringe of the ear can not be pollinated in time, which will result in empty or "stars".
During the pollination period of corn, the temperature of the weather exceeds 35 °C for several days. The air temperature is high and the relative humidity is lowered, which will cause the pollen ability of the fringe to be weakened, the pollen viability of the tassel is reduced, and the survival time is shortened, resulting in poor fruiting.
Malnutrition
In the stage of differentiation of maize ears, the nutrition is weak, the photosynthesis is weak, and the accumulation of organic matter is small, which makes the ear dysplasia, which leads to empty trees, or affects the rate of pollination; overnutrition will cause vegetative growth, reproductive growth is weak, and the normal development of the ear is affected. , causing the corn to be weak or poorly sturdy. In the late growth stage, nutrients and water are insufficient, and the top filaments are spit out late, the female flowers are degenerated, the stigma is metamorphosed, and the filaments are stacked, and the grains are also formed.
Cultivation problem
The cultivation density is too large, resulting in serious shading and shading, poor illumination, poor ventilation and light transmission, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, affecting the development of the filaments of the female ear, resulting in poor pollination of the corn.
Inadequate soil fertility
Insufficient soil fertility is one of the important reasons for corn to produce empty stalks. Under the same planting density, the fertilization is less than that of fertilization; the lower the fertility, the higher the density, the worse the firming; the application of single fertilizer is higher than that of formula fertilizer, and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reasonable. It can effectively increase the seed setting rate, increase the rate of spikes in the absence of potassium; decrease the seed setting rate in the soil when nitrogen and phosphorus are absent; when the boron is deficient, the photosynthesis of the plant is affected, the transport of nutrients is blocked, and the ear is damaged by energy. The seed setting rate will also drop.
Pest hazard
If the corn is damaged by aphids, corn borers, spider mites, spider mites, large-sized spot blotches, smut, herbicides, etc., it can lead to premature senescence of the functional leaves, intrusion of the insects and insects, insufficient supply or obstruction of nutrients, often After the formation of empty spikes or after pollination, it is not possible to grout properly.
Red spiders mainly harm the leaves, making corn unable to perform normal photosynthesis and seriously affecting fruiting.
The mites mainly harm the tassels, causing the tassels to lose their juice and dry up.
Corn borer mainly damages stems and leaves, ear, and hinders the transmission of water and nutrients. The grouting is not true and the plants are prematurely debilitated.
Corn smut and sheath blight mainly damage the leaf sheath and leaves. In severe cases, the ear can not be silked and dried or rotted, and even the whole plant is dead.
Large corn and small spot disease mainly damage leaves, and in severe cases, damage to leaf sheath and ear mites, resulting in insufficient amount of paternal pollen and obstruction of maternal silk, affecting corn seed production and pollination.
Precaution
Timely early sowing allows the corn to be pollinated in advance, avoiding hot weather and allowing the corn to be pollinated at a suitable temperature.
Reasonable close planting according to the characteristics of corn varieties, reasonable close planting, is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, improve photosynthetic efficiency, increase ear nutrition, and promote ear differentiation.
Maize emasculation is appropriate to emasculation during corn tasseling, weakening the apical dominance of maize plants, promoting the development of female ears, assisting artificial pollination, and increasing pollination rate.
Reasonable irrigation can prevent the occurrence of "ka neck drought" in the big trumpet period of corn. If the drought is timely, watering in the big bell mouth period will promote the development of ear and promote the normal pollination and fertilization of corn.
Scientific fertilization adopts formula fertilization technology, and masters the principle of “applying base fertilizer, lightly applying seedling fertilizer, re-applying joint fertilizer and booting fertilizer, and skillfully applying seed fertilizerâ€. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and is applied with appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, which is mainly carried out at jointing and booting stage, and the attacking fertilizer is properly applied in the later stage.
Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the silking period of corn stalking, pay attention to the prevention and control of corn mites and mites, and the main chemical control is spray.
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