The sales of greenhouse tomatoes in the market are relatively good. Many farmers and farmers have planted them. Today, I will share with you that the tomatoes in the greenhouse will be cracked, and what will happen?
What is the reason for the cracking of fruit in the greenhouse?
1, weather problems, large temperature difference between day and night
In autumn, the light is strong, and the temperature in the shed can still reach 30°C or above before noon on a sunny day. For tomatoes that are expanding or changing color, the temperature in the shed is high and the fruit grows faster;
However, at night, the temperature drops rapidly, and the skin grows slowly after being affected by low temperature, while the pulp is less affected by low temperature and grows relatively fast.
In the daytime, the flesh continues to grow, and the peel is subjected to a buffer period from cold to hot, so that the growth of the peel and pulp is inconsistent, leading to cracking of the fruit.
2, variety problems
Tomato cracking fruit, variety is one of the main influencing factors. In general, the peel is thicker, rounder, and has a higher hardness and resistance to transportation. The cracked fruit is slightly worse; the thin peel is more serious. Therefore, it is very important to select the variety, and it is necessary to select resistant varieties with thick peel and storage resistance.
3. Management issues
1) It is not appropriate to release the wind.
The shed has a large temperature difference between day and night. Fruit surface and leaves are prone to condensation. If there is more condensation on the fruit surface, the wind suddenly blows out in the morning, and the water on the fruit surface evaporates quickly. It is easy to appear the phenomenon of “sweeping the fruit†by the vegetable grower, which is manifested as a crack in the fruit surface.
2) The supply of fertilizer and water is not balanced.
During the expansion of tomato fruit, sufficient water and fertilizer supply is needed to increase production. If the watering is not noticed, it will be wet and dry, the drought and flood in the shed will be uneven, and the fruit will be prone to cracking.
3) phytotoxicity, disease, deficiency
The spray concentration is high and the fruit is prone to cracking. When the temperature is high during spraying or the spraying time is arranged at noon, the liquid evaporates quickly, causing the concentration of the residual liquid in the fruit surface to rapidly increase. Under the "stimulation" of the drug, the peel is also prone to crack and form a cracked fruit.
Some sheds have serious hormonal poisoning and the upper leaves are sparse, which causes the middle and lower fruits to be directly exposed to sunlight, which increases the temperature and humidity changes and increases the degree of fruit cracking. It is recommended that the vegetable farmers use newspapers and the like to properly cover the tomato fruit, which can reduce the cracking to a certain extent.
Do not pay attention to balanced fertilization, lack of medium and trace elements, especially calcium. In addition, during the expansion of the fruit, the demand for calcium is large, and calcium deficiency is very likely to cause tomato cracking, so calcium supplementation is very important for preventing cracking.
How can the effective control of greenhouse tomatoes turn color cracking?
To prevent tomato cracking, you must first choose a resistant variety. Of course, for tomatoes that are already in the fruiting stage, they can't be changed. Seasonal temperature difference between day and night, we are not good control, but we can effectively control the tomato cracking by adjusting the environment inside the shed and improving the cultivation management method.
The following measures can be taken to prevent and control.
1) Reasonable air release to avoid excessive temperature difference between day and night in the shed
The ring crack of the tomato is similar to that of the cucumber, and the dewdrop on the surface of the fruit disappears and then the wind is released, which can be effectively avoided. It is recommended that when the temperature of the vegetable growers reaches 27-28 °C in the morning, the fruit surface condensation will be repelled and then ventilated, which is beneficial to reduce the cracking. When encountering windy weather, avoid blowing the tomato fruit directly, and it can also effectively reduce the cracking.
2) Pay attention to water and fertilizer management
In the initial stage of fruit expansion, keep the soil moist, avoid flooding of large water, control the humidity inside the shed, and do not dry and wet. It is better to use "small water and water pouring", and try to avoid uneven flooding and drought and prevent cracking.
Watering and fertilizer can be selected in the sunny morning, through timely release of wind, to avoid high temperature and high humidity in the shed to prevent disease. In the result period, the fertilizer is mainly dissolved in high-potassium water. In order to avoid premature senescence of yellow leaves, the two waters are washed again to balance the NPK balance water-soluble fertilizer. If the plant grows weak, it can be combined with chitin, amino acid and other nutrient fertilizers to restore the growth of the plant as soon as possible. Prevent strong light from directly illuminating the fruit and prevent the rind from aging.
The base fertilizer pays attention to the application of calcium fertilizer, and continuously sprays 300 times of milk or soy milk in the seedling stage and the growth stage of the plant. During fruit growth and development, it is recommended to regularly spray foliar fertilizers containing trace elements such as boron and calcium, regulate calcium absorption, increase the toughness of fruit cell walls, and reduce the chance of cracking or molting.
3) Pruning is very particular
Use double-stalk pruning or leave leaves to fight. That is to say, the side branches are left more, and the side branches are lately planted. Each side branch leaves a leaf and a tip of the leaf to ensure that the plant has more growth points and functional leaves. This method can obviously improve the occurrence of tomato cracking.
Then the needle is twisted, and the nutrient transport of the fruit is appropriately reduced, which can reduce the occurrence of cracked fruit to some extent.
4) Pay attention to the concentration and timing when spraying drugs.
Spraying is selected from 9:00 am to 11:00 am, after the fruit surface is exposed. Try to avoid spraying at noon high temperature.
The concentration of the drug should be reasonably mastered, and the compound should be scientifically compounded according to the acidity and alkalinity of the pesticide. Do not ask for disease prevention, misuse of pesticides, resulting in phytotoxicity, causing tomatoes to crack fruit.
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