Commonly used steel products terminology common steel product terminology
Serial number | Name | Description |
1 | Carbon steel | Carbon steel, also called carbon steel, is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content wc of less than 2%. Carbon steel generally contains a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus in addition to carbon. According to the use, carbon steel can be divided into three types: carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free-cutting structural steel. Carbon structural steel can be divided into two types: building structural steel and machine-made structural steel. According to the carbon content, carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel (wc≤0.25%), medium carbon steel (wc 0.25%-0.6%). And high carbon steel (wc >O.6%) according to phosphorus, sulfur content can be divided into ordinary carbon steel (higher phosphorus, sulfur), high quality carbon steel (low phosphorus, sulfur) and High-quality steel (lower in phosphorus and sulfur). The higher the carbon content of carbon steel, the higher the hardness and the higher the strength, but the plasticity is lower. |
2 | Carbon structural steel | This kind of steel mainly guarantees the mechanical properties, so its grades reflect its mechanical properties, which are represented by Q+ numbers, where “Q†is the pinyin prefix of the yield point “Quâ€, and the number indicates the yield point value. For example, Q275 indicates the yield point is 275MPa. If the letters A, B, C, and D are marked after the grade, it means that the quality grade of the steel is different, and the amount of s and P is sequentially decreased, and the quality of the steel is sequentially increased. If the letter "F" is marked after the grade, it is boiling steel, the mark "b" is semi-killed steel, and the one without "F, ' or "b" is killed steel. For example, Q235-A·F means the yield point is 235MPa. Grade A boiling steel, Q235-c is a grade c killed steel with a yield point of 235 MPa. Carbon structural steel is generally not heat treated, but is used directly under supply. Usually the mass fraction of Q195, Q215, Q235 steel carbon Low, good welding performance, good plasticity, toughness, certain strength, often rolled into thin plates, steel bars, welded steel pipes, etc., used for bridges, buildings and other structures and manufacturing common rivets, screws, nuts, etc. Q255 and Q275 steel carbon The mass fraction is slightly higher, the strength is higher, the plasticity and toughness are better, and the welding can be performed. Usually, the formed steel, the strip steel and the steel plate are used as structural members, and the connecting rods, gears, couplings, pins, etc. of simple machinery are manufactured. |
3 | High quality structural steel | This type of steel must ensure both chemical composition and mechanical properties. Its grade is a two-digit number representing the mass fraction of the average carbon in the steel (wÑ Ã— 10000). For example, 45 steel means that the average carbon mass fraction in steel is 0.45%; 08 steel means that the average carbon mass fraction in steel is 0.08%, and high-quality carbon structural steel is mainly used for manufacturing machine parts. It is generally subjected to heat treatment to improve mechanical properties. There are different uses depending on the carbon mass fraction. 08, 08F, 10, 10F steel, high plasticity, high toughness, excellent cold forming properties and welding performance, often cold rolled into thin sheets, used to make cold stamping parts on instrument casings, automobiles and tractors, such as car body, tractor The cab, etc.; 15, 20, 25 steel is used to make carburized parts with small size, light load, surface wear resistance, and low core strength requirements, such as piston pins, prototypes, etc.; 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties after heat treatment (quenching + high temperature tempering), that is, it has high strength and high plasticity and toughness. It is used to make shaft parts. For example, 40 and 45 steel are often used in manufacturing. Automobiles, tractor crankshafts, connecting rods, general machine tool spindles, machine tool gears and other shaft parts with little force; 55, 60, 65 steel heat treatment (quenching + medium temperature tempering) has a high elastic limit, often used in production Springs with small load and small size (section size less than 12~15mm), such as pressure regulating and speed regulating springs, plunger springs, cold coil springs, etc. |
4 | Carbon tool steel | Carbon tool steel is a high carbon steel which is basically free of alloying elements. The carbon content is in the range of 0.65% to 1.35%. The production cost is low, the source of raw materials is easy to obtain, the machinability is good, and high hardness and hardness can be obtained after treatment. High wear resistance, so it is widely used steel, used to manufacture all kinds of cutting tools, molds, measuring tools, but this kind of steel has poor red hardness, that is, when the working temperature is higher than 250 ° C, the hardness and wear resistance of steel It will drop sharply and lose its ability to work. In addition, carbon tool steels are hard to harden if they are made into larger parts, and are prone to deformation and cracking. |
5 | Easy cutting knot Steel | The free-cutting structural steel is made by adding some elements to the steel to make the steel brittle. When the steel is cut, the chips are brittle and broken into scraps, which is beneficial to increase the cutting speed and extend the tool life. The element that makes steel brittle is mainly sulfur. In ordinary low-alloy free-cutting structural steel, elements such as lead, antimony and bismuth are used. The sulfur content of this steel is in the range of 0.08% to 0.30%, and the manganese content is wMn. In the range of 0.60% - 1.55%. Sulfur and manganese in steel exist in the form of manganese sulfide. The manganese sulfide is very brittle and has lubricating effect, which makes the chips easy to break and helps to improve the quality of the machined surface. |
6 | alloy steel | In addition to iron, carbon and a small amount of unavoidable silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur, steel also contains a certain amount of alloying elements. The alloying elements in steel are silicon, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, vanadium and titanium. One or more of bismuth, bismuth, boron, lead, rare earth, etc. This kind of steel is called alloy steel. The alloy steel system of each country varies with different resources, production and use conditions. In the chrome steel system, China has found alloy steel systems mainly composed of silicon, manganese, vanadium, titanium, niobium, boron and rare earth. The alloy steel accounts for about 10% of the total steel output, and is generally smelted in an electric furnace. According to the purpose, alloy steel can be divided into 8 categories: alloy structural steel, spring steel, bearing steel, alloy tool steel, high speed tool steel, stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, electrician Silicon steel |
7 | Ordinary low Gold steel | Ordinary low alloy steel is a common alloy steel containing a small amount of alloying elements (in most cases, the total amount w is not more than 3%). This kind of steel has high strength, good comprehensive performance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low temperature resistance, good cutting performance, welding performance, etc., and in the case of saving a lot of scarce alloying elements (such as nickel and chromium), usually Lt ordinary low alloy steel can be used in 1.2-1.3t carbon steel, its service life and use range is far more than carbon steel. Ordinary low-alloy steel can be smelted in open furnaces and converters by general smelting methods, and the cost is also close to that of carbon steel. |
8 | Engineering structure Alloy steel | This refers to alloy steel for engineering and building structures, including weldable high-strength alloy structural steel, alloy steel, alloy steel for railways, alloy steel for geological oil drilling, alloy steel for pressure vessels, high manganese wear-resistant steel, etc. . This type of steel is used as engineering and building structural parts. In alloy steel, the total amount of such steel alloys is low, but the production and use are large. |
9 | Mechanical structure Alloy steel | This type of steel refers to alloy steel suitable for the manufacture of machine and machine parts. It is based on high-quality carbon steel, and one or several alloying elements are appropriately added to improve the strength, toughness and hardenability of the steel. This type of steel is usually used after heat treatment (such as quenching and tempering treatment, surface hardening treatment). It mainly includes two kinds of commonly used alloy structural steel and alloy spring steel, including alloy steel for quenching and tempering, alloy steel for surface hardening (carburizing steel, nitrided steel, surface high-frequency hardened steel, etc.), cold plastic forming Alloy steel (cold for cold forging, steel for cold extrusion, etc.). According to the basic composition of chemical composition, it can be divided into Mn steel, SiMn steel, Cr steel, CrMo steel, CrNiMo steel, Nj steel, B steel, etc. |
10 | Alloy structure steel | The carbon content wc of the alloy structural steel is lower than that of the carbon structural steel, generally in O. 15% one O. 50% range. In addition to carbon, it also contains one or several alloying elements such as silicon, manganese, vanadium, titanium, boron and nickel, chromium, molybdenum, etc. Alloy structural steels are easy to harden and are not easily deformed or cracked, which is convenient for heat treatment to improve the performance of steel. Alloy structural steel is widely used in the manufacture of various transmission parts and fasteners for automobiles, tractors, ships, steam turbines, heavy machinery. Low carbon alloy steel is generally carburized, and medium carbon alloy steel is generally quenched and tempered. |
11 | Alloy tool steel | Alloy tool steel is medium and high carbon steel containing various alloying elements such as silicon, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and the like. Alloy tool steel is easy to harden and is not easy to be deformed and cracked. It is suitable for the manufacture of cutting tools, molds and measuring tools with large size and complicated shape. The carbon content of alloy tool steel is also different. Most alloy tool steels have a carbon content wc of 0.5% to 1.5%. The steel for hot deformation mold has a low carbon content, wc is in the range of 0.3% to 0.6%; the steel for cutting tools generally contains about w% of carbon; the steel for cold working mold has a higher carbon content, such as the carbon content of graphite mold steel wc Up to 1.5%, high carbon high chromium type cold working die steel with carbon content wc up to 2% |
12 | High speed tool steel | High-speed tool steel is a high-carbon high-alloy tool steel with a carbon content wc of 0.7%-1.4%. The steel contains alloying elements capable of forming high-hardness carbides, such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and vanadium; high-speed tool steel has High red hardness, under high-speed cutting conditions, the temperature does not decrease as high as 500-600 oc, thus ensuring good cutting performance |
13 | Spring steel | Springs are used under shock, vibration or long-term alternating stress, so spring steel is required to have high tensile strength, elastic limit and high fatigue strength. In the process, spring steel is required to have certain hardenability, not easy to decarburize, and the surface quality is good. Carbon spring steel is a high-quality carbon structural steel (including normal and high manganese content) having a carbon content wc in the range of 0.6% to 0.9%. Alloy spring steels are mainly silicon-manganese steels. Their carbon content is slightly lower, mainly by increasing the silicon content WSi (1.3% to 2.8%). In addition, there are alloy spring steels of chromium, tungsten and vanadium. In recent years, combined with China's resources, and in accordance with the requirements of new technologies for automobiles and tractors, we have developed new steel grades that incorporate elements such as boron, niobium and molybdenum on silicon-manganese steel, prolonging the service life of springs and improving the quality of springs. |
14 | Bearing steel | Bearing steel is steel used to make balls, rollers and bearing rings. Bearings are subjected to extreme pressure and friction during operation, so bearing steels are required to have high and uniform hardness and wear resistance, as well as high elastic limits. The requirements for the uniformity of the chemical composition of the bearing steel, the content and distribution of non-metallic inclusions, and the distribution of carbides are very strict. Bearing steel, also known as high carbon chromium steel, contains about 1% carbon wc, and the chromium content wc is 0.5%-1.65%. Bearing steel is divided into six categories: high carbon chromium bearing steel, chromium-free bearing steel, carburized bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, medium and high temperature bearing steel and anti-magnetic bearing steel. |
15 | Electrician silicon steel | Silicon steel for the electrical industry is mainly used to manufacture silicon steel sheets for the electrical industry. Silicon steel sheets are steels used in the manufacture of motors and transformers. They can be classified into low-silicon steel and high-silicon steel according to chemical composition. Low silicon steel silicon content wsi1. O% ~ 2.5%, mainly used to manufacture electric motors; high silicon steel silicon content wsi3. O% ~ 4.5%, generally used to manufacture transformers. Their carbon content wc ≤ O. 06% to 0.08% |
16 | Rail steel | Rails are mainly subjected to the pressure and impact loads of rolling stock. Therefore, sufficient strength and hardness and certain toughness are required. The commonly used rail steel is a carbon-killed steel smelted in open hearth and converters, which has a carbon content of 0.6%. 0.8%, belonging to medium carbon steel and high carbon steel, but the manganese content of steel WMn is higher, at O. 6% to 1.1% In recent years, ordinary low-alloy steel rails have been widely used, such as high-silicon rails, medium-manganese rails, copper-containing rails, and titanium-containing rails. Ordinary low-alloy steel rails are more wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant than carbon steel rails, and their service life is greatly improved. |
17 | Shipbuilding steel | Shipbuilding steel refers to steel used to make seagoing vessels and large inland hull structures. Since the hull structure is generally manufactured by welding, it is required that the shipbuilding steel has good welding performance. In addition, it requires a certain strength, toughness and certain low temperature and corrosion resistance. In the past, low carbon steel was mainly used as shipbuilding steel. Recently, ordinary low-alloy steels have been widely used, and existing steel grades such as 12 manganese ships, 16 manganese ships, and 15 manganese vanadium ships have been used. These steel grades have high strength, good toughness, easy processing and welding, and seawater corrosion resistance. They can be successfully used to make 10,000 tons of ocean-going giant wheels. |
18 | Bridge steel | Railway or highway bridges are subjected to the impact load of vehicles. Bridge steels require certain strength, toughness and good fatigue resistance, and have high requirements on the surface quality of steel. Bridge steel is often used in alkaline open hearthed steel, and recently used ordinary low alloy steel such as 16 manganese, 15 manganese vanadium, etc. |
19 | Boiler steel | Boiler steel mainly refers to the materials used to make the superheater, the main steam pipe and the heating surface of the boiler fire chamber. The performance requirements for boiler steel are mainly good welding performance, certain high temperature strength, alkali corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. Commonly used boiler steels are low-carbon killed steel or electric furnace smelted low-carbon steel smelted in open hearth furnace, and the carbon content wc is in O. Within the range of 16% to 0.26%. Pearlitic heat-resistant steel or austenitic heat-resistant steel is used in the manufacture of high-pressure boilers. In recent years, ordinary low-alloy steels have been used to build boilers, such as 12 manganese, 15 manganese vanadium, 18 manganese molybdenum, etc. |
20 | Welding rod steel | This type of steel is specifically designed for the manufacture of arc welding and gas welding electrode wires. The composition of the steel varies with the material being welded. According to the needs, roughly divided into carbon steel, alloy structural steel and stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel. These steels have a sulfur and phosphorus content ws, wP of not more than 0.03%, which is stricter than ordinary steel. These steels do not require mechanics. Performance, but only for chemical composition testing |
twenty one | Stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel | Stainless acid-resistant steel is referred to as stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel, which is composed of stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel and acid-resistant steel. In short, a steel that resists atmospheric corrosion is called stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel, and a steel that resists corrosion from chemical media (such as acids) is called acid-resistant steel. Generally speaking, steel with a chromium content greater than 12% is It has the characteristics of stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel, stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel according to the microstructure after heat treatment can be divided into five categories: ferritic stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel" Target=_blank>stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel" target=_blank>stainless steel, austenitic-ferritic stainless steel" target=_blank>stainless steel and precipitation hardened stainless steel" target=_blank>stainless steel |
twenty two | Heat resistant steel | Steels having oxidation resistance and sufficient high temperature strength as well as good heat resistance under high temperature conditions are called heat resistant steels. Heat resistant steel includes both anti-oxidation steel and heat-strength steel. Anti-oxidation steel can not be called leather steel. Heat-strength steel refers to steel that has good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and has high high-temperature strength. Heat resistant steel is mainly used for parts that are used for a long time at high temperatures. |
twenty three | Superalloy | Superalloy is a kind of heat-strength material with sufficient long-term strength, creep strength, thermal fatigue strength, high temperature toughness and sufficient chemical stability at high temperature. It is used for thermodynamic components working under high temperature conditions around 1000oC. According to its basic chemical composition, it can be divided into nickel-based superalloy, iron-nickel-based superalloy and cobalt-based superalloy. |
twenty four | Precision alloy | Precision alloys are alloys with special physical properties. It is an indispensable material in the electrical industry, electronics industry, precision instrument industry and automatic control systems. Precision alloys are further classified into seven categories according to their different physical properties: soft magnetic alloys, deformed permanent magnet alloys, elastic alloys, expanded alloys, hot bimetals, resistive alloys, and thermocouple alloys. Most precision alloys are based on ferrous metals, and only a few are based on non-ferrous metals. |
Note: "D"""M. "P represents the mass fraction of c, s, Mn, and P, respectively.
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