The selection of excellent varieties is the primary measure and basic condition for high yield of mung bean. It can choose mung bean varieties with good yield, large grain and luster, good taste, high sprouting rate and good commercial quality.
About 10% of the mung beans are hard beans, which are generally called stone beans or iron seeds. They have poor water absorption and are not easy to germinate. Therefore, before seeding, the seeds should be selected to remove impurities, diseased grains and bad grains, and the weather should be 2-3 days in sunny weather to increase the germination rate and germination potential. Before planting, the doctor can apply 20 kg of seed dressing per 200 g, mix and evenly dry and sow, or apply 30% more ····························· Sowing after drying.
Second, land preparation and rational fertilization
Mung bean is very adaptable, and the soil requirements are not very strict. Generally, sand, hillside, black soil and clay can be planted. Mung beans are often intercropped with crops such as corn, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, sesame, and millet, and are also planted in fruit trees, forest trees, fields, and gaps. Mung beans bogey and greet. Because mung beans are heavy, pests and diseases are serious, and the quality is poor, which is conducive to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms and inhibit the development of rhizobium. Therefore, the mung bean should be rationally arranged for the land, and the rotation should be carried out. It is best to use cereal crops such as corn, sorghum, and wheat. The mung bean should not be preceded by Chinese cabbage, generally 2-3 years apart. Since mung bean is a dicotyledonous crop, the cotyledon is unearthed, and the ability of the seedlings is weak. If the soil is compacted or soiled, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges or seedlings. Therefore, before sowing, it is required to deep-plow the fine hoes, finely tidy up the soil, shovel the soil, loosen the soil, store the water, protect the sputum, prevent the soil from stagnation, and reduce the soil to facilitate the emergence of seedlings.
The principle of fertilization of mung bean should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, mixed with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer; the principle of applying base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing. Mung bean has a short growth period and strong sorghum resistance. Its root system has symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity, and it is often not fertilized in production. However, in order to increase the yield of mung bean in medium and low yield blocks, fertilizer should be added. Generally, 10 kg of fermented diammonium phosphate per mu (667 m2) or 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 12-18-15 respectively; or about 15 kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer per mu . For the thinner plots, the roots can be topdressed during the pod-forming period, and the plant growth regulators such as 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and Fuer 655 are sprayed on the foliage.
Third, suitable sowing, reasonable close planting
Mung beans can be broadcast in spring and summer. Spring is broadcast in late April to mid-May. Summer broadcast in the middle and late June, we must strive to broadcast early. Mung bean is warm, suitable for emergence and growth temperature is 15 to 18 ° C, and the temperature is usually 18 to 20 ° C during flowering and pod formation, which is most suitable. If the temperature is too high, the growth of stems and leaves will be too strong, which will affect flowering and pod formation. Mung beans are not resistant to frost in the later stages of growth, and the temperature drops below 0 °C. The plants will freeze to death and the germination rate of the seeds will be low. Therefore, summer and autumn sowing mung beans must pay attention to early sowing, in order to normal maturity before the advent of low temperature early frost. The seeding rate per mu is generally 1.5-2.0 kg, and the seeding depth is preferably 3.0-5.0 cm.
The planting density of mung beans should be determined by the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility. Generally, the early maturing varieties should be mastered, and the late-maturing varieties should be thin; the erect type is dense, the semi-vine type is thin, the vine type is more dilute; the fertilizer land should be thin, the thin land should be dense; the early seed is thin, and the late seed is dense. For the early-maturing varieties of mung bean, the suitable density of low-water-fertilized plots is 180,000-200,000 plants per hectare, 11-15 seedlings per rice, and the suitable density of medium-soil varieties and medium-water-fertilized conditions is 1.5-170,000 plants. 8-10 strains of rice seedlings; late-maturing varieties, high water and fertilizer conditions, suitable density is 12-140,000 plants per hectare, 7-8 plants per rice.
Fourth, field management
To achieve "six timely": 1 timely suppression. After planting, plots that are not good for sowing, should be timely suppressed, with the pressure of the seeds, so that the seeds and the soil close contact, increase surface water, promote seed germination and development, early emergence of seedlings, full seedlings. 2 check the seedlings in time. After the emergence of mung bean, it was found that there was a lack of seedlings and ridges, which should be replanted within 7 days. 3 and time seedlings, fixed seedlings. In order to make the seedlings develop well, when the mung bean reaches two leaves and one heart after emergence, the seedlings should be removed. When 4 leaves are fixed, the plant spacing is 13-16 cm, and the row spacing is about 40 cm. According to the density, the weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, seedlings, seedlings and weeds are removed, and the seedlings are kept. The implementation of single plant seedlings is conducive to the robust growth of plants. 4 timely ploughing and weeding. Generally, after the first compound leaf of the mung bean is unfolded, the first seedling is combined with the first shallow stalk; after the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedling is started and the second cultivating is carried out; the third deep cultivating is carried out in the branching stage, and The rooting of the soil should be carried out, and the cultivating should be carried out until the ridge is closed. The depth of cultivating should master the principle of shallow-deep-shallow. For chemical weeding, you can use Jinghecao, take net, fine quizalofop, and bean Xerox. 5 timely irrigation, drainage and flood control. Mung beans are crops that require more water, are not resistant to flooding, and are afraid of flooding. Mung bean seedlings have stronger drought resistance and less water demand; the flower pod stage is the peak period of water demand. At this time, in case of drought, it should be timely flooded. But mung beans are afraid of being afraid of flooding. If the water is too much during the seedling stage, the root disease will be aggravated, causing the dead roots to die. In the later stage, the plants grew poorly, premature aging, flower pods fell off, and yield decreased. Therefore, mung beans should be drained and stained during the rainy season. 6 Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and pests in a timely manner. Mainly to prevent root rot, viral diseases and aphids and red spiders and other pests and diseases. Viral disease can be applied to the speed stop 0.5% lentinan water agent 40-50 grams per hectare and green wild god 600-700 grams mixed with water, sprayed on the sunny day after 4 pm; root rot can be applied to dead seedlings Rotten Roots quickly cures 500-800 grams of gold per hectare to 250g of house rooting agent and 450-500 kilograms of water to mix and evenly spray leaves; 10% imidacloprid, 3% acetamiprid, 40% can be applied to control aphids Omethoate is used interchangeably; the control of red spiders can be applied to scorpion, 4% scorpion, and the like.
Fifth, timely harvest
Mung bean ripening is uneven, and should be cooked according to the situation. In the case of large-scale planting, it is often necessary to harvest once, and 2/3 of all pods of mung bean should be brownish black as a timely harvesting mark. Under high temperature conditions, ripe pods are prone to cracking and should be harvested in the morning when the dew is not dry or in the evening. The harvested pods can be stored or sold after being dried, threshed, and cleaned.
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