GBT 4741-1999 Ceramic material bending strength test method introduction: This standard specifies the test equipment, sample, test procedure, result calculation and data processing for determining the room temperature bending strength of ceramic materials by three-point load method. This standard applies to ceramic materials and ceramics and other auxiliary materials.
STANDARD test method for bending strength of ceramic materials
Release Department: National Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
Proposed unit: National Light Industry Bureau
Bending strength test method range of ceramic materials This standard specifies the test equipment for measuring the room temperature bending strength of ceramic materials by three-point load method, samples, test procedures, calculation of results and data processing. This standard applies to ceramic materials and ceramics and other auxiliary materials.
2 Definitions This standard uses the following definitions. Bending strength limit
The maximum stress at which the specimen is subjected to static bending force to the failure is expressed by the ratio of the bending force to the section modulus at the fracture when the specimen is broken.
3 equipment
3.1 Bending strength testing machine: the relative error is not more than 1%, can be loaded at constant speed, and the loading and supporting blade diameter is 10mm±0.1mm.
3.2 Vernier caliper: The accuracy is 0.2mm.
3.3 Oven: It can be kept at 110 °C ± 5 °C.
3.4 Dryer
3.5 Balance: The sensitivity is 0.1g.
4 sample
4.1 10cm long rectangular specimens with a width to thickness ratio of 1:1
4.2 The sample is prepared using the same process conditions as in the actual production of the material.
4.3 The sample must be processed neatly and no obvious defects are allowed.
5 test steps
5.1 Place the sample in an oven at a temperature of 110 ° C ± 5 ° C, dry to constant weight, and then cool to room temperature in a desiccator.
5.2 Place the sample on the support blade and adjust the distance between the support blades so that the length of the sample outside the support blade is 10mm. The two support blades must be in the same plane and parallel to each other, and the loading blade is located at the two supporting edges. In the middle.
5.3 Open the bending strength tester. Note that the loading blade should not be impacted when it contacts the sample, and it should be loaded at an average speed of 10~50N/s (for samples with less bending strength, please choose a lower loading speed) until it breaks. Record the maximum load at which the specimen is broken.
5.4 Use a vernier caliper to measure the width and thickness of the fracture of the specimen to the nearest 0.1 mm.
6.2 Data Processing
6.2.1 When the maximum relative deviation is greater than 10%, the sample with the largest relative deviation is discarded, and then the remaining value is recalculated until it meets the requirements. The maximum relative deviation is calculated according to formula (2).
6.2.2 If the sample is discarded, if it reaches 4% of the total number of samples, the test shall be re-sampled.
6.2.3 Using the arithmetic mean of the effective sample as the bending strength value of the sample, the data is rounded to 0.1 MPa.
7 test report
7.1 Sample delivery unit, sample name, and sample number.
7.2 Sample span, loading speed, section thickness, section width.
7.3 Data discarding and bending strength values.
7.4 Test date, test personnel, test unit.
Determination of water absorption rate, apparent porosity, bulk density, etc.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the method for determining the water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density of ceramic tiles. There are two ways to inhale saturated water in the open pores of Xiangpin: boiling and vacuuming. The boiling water enters the open pores that are easily immersed; the vacuum method fills the open pores.
The boiling method is applicable to ceramic tile classification and product description, and the vacuum method is applicable to the determination of apparent porosity, apparent phase density and bulk density in addition to classification.
2 Principle Dry ceramic tiles are suspended in water after being saturated with water. It is used to calculate the correlation parameter between dry mass, saturated mass and hanging mass.
3 instruments
3.1 An oven that can operate at (110 ± 5) °C. Microwave, infrared or other drying systems that can obtain the results of the sputum test are also applicable.
3.2 Heaters for boiling with appropriate erotic materials.
3.3 Heat source.
3.4 Weigh the balance to the sample quality of 0.01%.
3.5 Deionized water or distilled water.
3.6 Dryer.
3.7 suede.
3.8 Rings, ropes or baskets: The sample can be suspended in water and weighed.
3.9 Glass beakers or containers of similar size and shape. Hang the sample on the end of the balance (3.4) with a lifting eye (3.8) so that the sample is completely immersed in water. The sample and the lifting eye are not in contact with any part of the container.
3.10 A vacuum tank and vacuum system of sufficient capacity to accommodate the required number of specimens, and capable of achieving a vacuum of (100 ± 1) Kpa for 30 min.
4 Specimens 4.1 Each type of brick is tested with 10 whole bricks.
National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau 1999-11-01 approved 2000-01-01 implementation
4.2 If the surface area of ​​each brick is greater than 0.04m2, only 5 bricks are required for testing. If the surface area of ​​each brick is greater than 0.16 m2, five specimens with a minimum side length of 100 mm are cut at least in the middle of the three bricks.
4.3 If the mass of each brick is less than 50g, a sufficient number of bricks are required to achieve 50-100g for each test sample.
4.4 When the side length of the brick is more than 200mm, it can be cut into small pieces, but each piece under cutting should be included in the measured value. Polygons and other non-rectangular bricks whose length and width are calculated by moment.
5 steps
The bricks were placed in an oven at (110 ± 5) °C (3.1) and dried to constant weight, i.e., the difference in two consecutive masses per 24 h was less than 0.1%. The bricks are cooled to room temperature in a dry gas with silica gel or other desiccant (3.6) and no acid desiccant can be used. Each brick was weighed and recorded according to the measurement accuracy of Table 1.
5.1 Water saturation
5.1.1 Boiling method The bricks are placed vertically in a heater containing deionized or distilled water (3.2) so that the bricks do not touch each other. The upper part of the brick should be kept with water (3.5) at a depth of 5 cm. Water levels above 5 cm should be maintained throughout the test. Heat the water to boiling and keep boiling for 2 h. Then cut off the heat source (3.3), so that the bricks are completely immersed in water and cooled for 4h ± 15mm to room temperature. The sample can also be cooled to room temperature with water or a refrigerator at normal temperature. Wring a piece of warmed suede (3.7) by hand. Place the suede on the platform and gently weigh the results of each sample. The same accuracy as in the dry state (see Table 1).
5.1.2 Vacuum method Put the bricks straight into the vacuum box (3.10) so that the bricks do not touch each other. Vacuum was applied to (100 ± 1) Kpa) and held for 30 min. While maintaining the vacuum, add enough water to cover and raise 5 cm, stop vacuuming, let the brick soak for 15 min, and dry a soaked suede (3.7) by hand. Place the suede on the platform and gently dry the surface of each brick. Apply a suede to the surface of the bump or embossed surface to wipe off the surface moisture quickly, then immediately weigh and record the measurement results of each test relative. Maintain the same accuracy as in the dry state (see Table 1).
5.2 Hanging weighing
Weigh the mass (M3) of each sample suspended in water after vacuum absorption, to the nearest 0.01 g. When weighing, hang the sample on a lifting eye, rope or basket on the balance (3.4) (3.8). Before the actual weighing, place the rings, ropes or baskets that are installed and immersed in water on the balance so that the balance is in equilibrium. The depth of the loop, rope or basket in the water is the same as when the sample is weighed. Http://news.chinawj.com.cn Submission:
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