Aluminum alloy wheels have the advantages of light weight, low energy consumption, fast heat dissipation, good shock absorption, safety and reliability, beautiful appearance, rich patterns and good balance. They are favored by vehicle manufacturers and car owners.
Most of the production of aluminum alloy wheels in China uses low pressure casting technology. The process was introduced by CITIC Daika in the late 1980s and has matured after more than 20 years of development. However, in the true sense of development and design work, in recent years, with the improvement of China's vehicle manufacturing level, it began to design synchronously with vehicle development.
Wheel design points
The design of the aluminum alloy wheel includes design and engineering. The appearance of the wheel should match the appearance of the vehicle. The wheel is not only the appearance part, but also the important safety part. Therefore, the engineering requirements must be considered in the design. Under normal circumstances, when the wheel is designed, the engineering personnel should also participate in the design work together with the stylist to shorten the wheel development cycle.
Taking the Volkswagen wheel design as an example, the main points of attention in the design of low-pressure casting aluminum alloy wheels are analyzed. The Volkswagen Wheel implements the German Volkswagen Standard and the European Union's design specifications. The main considerations are vehicle styling, wheel assembly, wheel production and wheel testing.
1. Vehicle shape
The wheel is the fashion decoration of the whole car, and it is an extension of the overall shape design of the whole vehicle. Therefore, as part of the whole car shape, the wheel shape must be coordinated with the style of the whole car to give people an aesthetic sense.
2. Wheel assembly
The wheels are finally assembled to the vehicle, and the components that fit it during assembly are tires, counterweights, brake drums, mounting plates, mounting bolts, and valves.
The assembly points for attention when designing aluminum alloy wheels are as follows:
(1) Tyres assembled with tires and aluminum alloy wheels are generally tubeless radial tires, forming a closed space between the tire and the wheel rim. The rim structure of Volkswagen's wheels implements the European rim standard, the ETRTO standard, which specifies the structure and dimensions of the various parts of the rim and must be strictly observed during wheel design. At the same time, in order to prevent the road surface from scratching the wheel surface during the running of the vehicle (the height of the shoulder stone is 150mm), it is required that the front side of the wheel should not exceed the outer side of the tire, and it is generally required to be retracted by more than 2.5mm.
(2) The function of the balance weight is to balance the wheel under high-speed rotation, avoiding the vibration of the vehicle during the running and the steering wheel vibration, and improving the comfort of the vehicle. When designing the wheel, the clearance between the balance block and the brake drum is required to be not less than 3 mm.
(3) Brake drum During the running of the vehicle, the wheel is rotating and the brake drum is stationary. Therefore, when the wheel is designed, it is necessary to ensure a certain gap between the inner surface of the wheel and the brake drum, generally controlled above 3mm.
(4) Mounting plate and mounting bolt The mounting bolt is a part that positions and fastens the wheel to the mounting plate. When designing the wheel, consider the size of the mounting plate, the contact area between the wheel and the mounting plate, the size, structure and number of mounting bolts, the mounting space of the bolt and the position of the bolt hole in the wheel shape (the bolt hole on the wheel is best) Corresponding to the window part of the wheel), the wheel installation is safe and reliable.
Most of the production of aluminum alloy wheels in China uses low pressure casting technology. The process was introduced by CITIC Daika in the late 1980s and has matured after more than 20 years of development. However, in the true sense of development and design work, in recent years, with the improvement of China's vehicle manufacturing level, it began to design synchronously with vehicle development.
Wheel design points
The design of the aluminum alloy wheel includes design and engineering. The appearance of the wheel should match the appearance of the vehicle. The wheel is not only the appearance part, but also the important safety part. Therefore, the engineering requirements must be considered in the design. Under normal circumstances, when the wheel is designed, the engineering personnel should also participate in the design work together with the stylist to shorten the wheel development cycle.
Taking the Volkswagen wheel design as an example, the main points of attention in the design of low-pressure casting aluminum alloy wheels are analyzed. The Volkswagen Wheel implements the German Volkswagen Standard and the European Union's design specifications. The main considerations are vehicle styling, wheel assembly, wheel production and wheel testing.
1. Vehicle shape
The wheel is the fashion decoration of the whole car, and it is an extension of the overall shape design of the whole vehicle. Therefore, as part of the whole car shape, the wheel shape must be coordinated with the style of the whole car to give people an aesthetic sense.
2. Wheel assembly
The wheels are finally assembled to the vehicle, and the components that fit it during assembly are tires, counterweights, brake drums, mounting plates, mounting bolts, and valves.
The assembly points for attention when designing aluminum alloy wheels are as follows:
(1) Tyres assembled with tires and aluminum alloy wheels are generally tubeless radial tires, forming a closed space between the tire and the wheel rim. The rim structure of Volkswagen's wheels implements the European rim standard, the ETRTO standard, which specifies the structure and dimensions of the various parts of the rim and must be strictly observed during wheel design. At the same time, in order to prevent the road surface from scratching the wheel surface during the running of the vehicle (the height of the shoulder stone is 150mm), it is required that the front side of the wheel should not exceed the outer side of the tire, and it is generally required to be retracted by more than 2.5mm.
(2) The function of the balance weight is to balance the wheel under high-speed rotation, avoiding the vibration of the vehicle during the running and the steering wheel vibration, and improving the comfort of the vehicle. When designing the wheel, the clearance between the balance block and the brake drum is required to be not less than 3 mm.
(3) Brake drum During the running of the vehicle, the wheel is rotating and the brake drum is stationary. Therefore, when the wheel is designed, it is necessary to ensure a certain gap between the inner surface of the wheel and the brake drum, generally controlled above 3mm.
(4) Mounting plate and mounting bolt The mounting bolt is a part that positions and fastens the wheel to the mounting plate. When designing the wheel, consider the size of the mounting plate, the contact area between the wheel and the mounting plate, the size, structure and number of mounting bolts, the mounting space of the bolt and the position of the bolt hole in the wheel shape (the bolt hole on the wheel is best) Corresponding to the window part of the wheel), the wheel installation is safe and reliable.
(5) Valve The valve is a part that inflates the sealed space formed by the tire and the wheel rim. When installing the wheel, consider the installation position of the valve, the installation space, and the structure of the valve. The valve holes used on aluminum alloy wheels are generally TR414 or TR413 rubber valves, and in high-class cars, valve structures with air pressure sensors are also used. If the wheel uses a valve with a pressure sensor, ensure that there is a gap of 1 mm or more between the air pressure sensor and the rim.
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