For small-scale RO systems, running at a lower recovery rate, the concentration of ions in concentrated water is reduced to as low as possible to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate; for large-scale RO systems, the recovery rate of water is required to be high to prevent carbonation from an economical point of view. Calcium scale can be treated with feed water and acid. The solubility of calcium carbonate depends to a large extent on the concentration of bicarbonate and the pH of the water. Adding sufficient acid into the feed water reduces the bicarbonate concentration (converts to carbon dioxide) and lowers the pH of the water, thereby increasing the solubility of CaCO3 and preventing the formation of calcium carbonate. If the acid-adding system fails, CaCO3 precipitates, and once the proper amount of acid is added to the system, the scale will dissolve again.
For CA membrane RO systems, adding acid to adjust the appropriate pH, can reduce the membrane hydrolysis rate, but also to prevent CaCO3 precipitation of the main means. When the RO system of the acid treatment feedwater is shut down, the supersaturated CO2 will escape from the water. Once this happens, the pH of the water will rise because the salt concentration of the membrane element contacting the rear part of the RO system is the highest, and the pH will increase. CaCO3 fouling may occur. When the RO system is put in and reduces the pH of the water to a certain value, the CaCO3 formed will dissolve back into the solution. However, if the downtime is long, CaCO3 formed on the surface of the membrane will cause the CA membrane to hydrolyze. Accelerated speed, thereby affecting the CA membrane performance.
In addition to calcium ions, other multivalent cations also form insoluble carbonates. The method of controlling calcium carbonate scale is also effective for the formation of other carbonate scales. Unless other multivalent cation concentrations are greater than the calcium ion concentration (which is rare in natural water), the tendency to use calcium carbonate to calculate scaling is sufficient to reflect whether carbonate scale has precipitated.
When acid treatment is used to prevent CaCO3 from fouling out, generally, the LSI value should be less than zero. When the feedwater is treated with a reverse osmosis antiscalant, concentrated water in the RO system can be run at higher LSI values ​​and retard precipitation. The JC-A10 produced from our company's high quality reverse osmosis membrane scale inhibitors allows the LSI to operate up to 2-3 without CaCO3 precipitation.
For CA membrane RO systems, adding acid to adjust the appropriate pH, can reduce the membrane hydrolysis rate, but also to prevent CaCO3 precipitation of the main means. When the RO system of the acid treatment feedwater is shut down, the supersaturated CO2 will escape from the water. Once this happens, the pH of the water will rise because the salt concentration of the membrane element contacting the rear part of the RO system is the highest, and the pH will increase. CaCO3 fouling may occur. When the RO system is put in and reduces the pH of the water to a certain value, the CaCO3 formed will dissolve back into the solution. However, if the downtime is long, CaCO3 formed on the surface of the membrane will cause the CA membrane to hydrolyze. Accelerated speed, thereby affecting the CA membrane performance.
In addition to calcium ions, other multivalent cations also form insoluble carbonates. The method of controlling calcium carbonate scale is also effective for the formation of other carbonate scales. Unless other multivalent cation concentrations are greater than the calcium ion concentration (which is rare in natural water), the tendency to use calcium carbonate to calculate scaling is sufficient to reflect whether carbonate scale has precipitated.
When acid treatment is used to prevent CaCO3 from fouling out, generally, the LSI value should be less than zero. When the feedwater is treated with a reverse osmosis antiscalant, concentrated water in the RO system can be run at higher LSI values ​​and retard precipitation. The JC-A10 produced from our company's high quality reverse osmosis membrane scale inhibitors allows the LSI to operate up to 2-3 without CaCO3 precipitation.
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