The 2012 cotton production cycle is over. Looking back at the cotton production in the past year, the yields of different cotton areas vary greatly from place to place. The cotton production among different townships and farmers in the same cotton area is also very different. Some of them use the same variety or homogenization. The variety, but the output is still very different. In 2012, I went to the northern and southern main cotton producing areas and the Xinjiang cotton area to do some research on local cotton production, and saw that cotton in Xinjiang has high yield and stable yield, Hubei and Hunan cotton areas and Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui. The cotton production in some cotton areas increased slightly. The cotton in other cotton areas was reduced due to damage or typhoon. Although the cotton purchase price was relatively stable, the cotton field in 2013 will continue to decline due to the decline in comparative benefits. In addition to the policy factors, the weak foundation of the water system and fertilizer construction in cotton fields is also highly correlated with the high yield of cotton and the increase in cotton farmers.
In recent years, although most water-saving facilities in China have improved, there are still major problems. Their performance is “four difficulties and one differenceâ€, that is, water is difficult to lead, large water is difficult to drain, small water is difficult to filter, and precipitation Difficult to store, poor control ability. When cotton enters the stage of bud, flowering and bellowing, if it encounters continuous high temperature and drought, if it can use high temperature to increase accumulated temperature and timely carry out drought resistance, cotton will not only reduce production, but will increase yield, but some water conservancy facilities of production units are perennial. In case of disrepair, the electromechanical can not be started, the ditch is damaged, the siltation is serious, and the water is difficult to resist. The cotton field that is not drought-resistant is often reduced by 20%~30% than the drought-resistant cotton field. Some cotton suffered heavy rains during flowering and ringing, and the losses were worse in places with poor drainage. During the interannual period of cotton production, the probability of drought and flood is about 60%, which poses a great threat to cotton production and must be paid enough attention.
As for the problems in the construction of fertilizers, the consumption of cotton fields is much more and the compensation is insufficient. First, there is more deprivation of ground power. For example, in recent years, the area of ​​cotton and full-width wheat flail in the southern cotton area has become larger and larger. In many places, wheat is not used for planting cotton after harvesting. Second, organic fertilizer input is reduced, and some Farmers did not apply organic fertilizer at all, and chemical fertilizer became the master; thirdly, the area of ​​green manure in cotton fields was scarce, the proportion of cotton crops in front of cotton decreased, and the content of soil organic matter decreased. Fourth, the consolidation of cotton fields, the performance of water retention and water retention was weakened.
It can be seen that the cotton field water system and fertilizer construction are related to the high yield and stable production of cotton, and it is necessary to lay a solid foundation to see the results.
First, we must raise awareness of the construction of water systems in cotton areas. Leaders and people at all levels in the cotton area should unify the consensus on water system facilities: First, we must create conditions to ensure that cotton is dry and worries, in order to increase yield, increase total output, and increase the overall benefits of cotton planting. Second, we must make clear that only water systems can be improved. To prevent the loss of water and soil; third, we must know that the improvement of water system facilities can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizers; fourth, we must improve the water system and improve the ecological environment of cotton fields, which is conducive to the normal growth of cotton.
Second, it is necessary to add water system hardware facilities and improve supporting standards. First, it is necessary to add a station to expand the area of ​​irrigation and drainage; the second is to renovate the canal, open a new canal, and improve the function of irrigation and drainage; third, we must improve the disaster-resistance standards, so that the 100-day drought can timely divert water and drought, and the daily rainfall of 100 mm can be 1~2 days are finished; the fourth is to use the favorable opportunity of winter and Spring to excavate and drain the cotton field drainage ditch, furrow, box ditch and waist ditch, to be accessible in all directions, drought-resistant and unrestrained, rain and live in the fields.
Third, we must strengthen the construction of fertilizers and enhance the ability to maintain fertilizer and fertilizer. Grasping fertilizer construction is a basic work to improve the fertility of cotton fields. First, it should restore a certain area of ​​green paddy in cotton fields, or plant green manure in cotton fields. Second, arrange appropriate bean areas for cotton fore crops; The conditions are to use mechanical smashing cotton stalks to return to the field; the fourth is to increase the application of organic fertilizer, poultry manure, bio-organic compound fertilizer, especially bio-organic compound fertilizer of enzyme bacteria. Only by adopting comprehensive measures to increase the application of organic fertilizers can we continuously improve the soil and improve the ability to maintain fertilizer and water.
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