Mr. Shao from Zhengzhou, Henan Province: Why should vegetables be applied with potash? What are the different characteristics compared to other crops?
A: Rational application of potassium fertilizer can stabilize plants, increase yield and quality, and enhance disease resistance and frost resistance. Compared with field crops, its main characteristics are: high vegetable yield and high potassium demand. Potassium fertilizer application rate is often 1 to 2 times higher than that of field crops; potassium fertilizer in field crops is mainly used as base fertilizer, while vegetables are used as base fertilizer. Topdressing should also be applied. The amount of potassium in the solanaceous vegetables is higher than that in the base fertilizer; the growth period of greenhouse vegetables is longer, the absorption capacity of aquatic vegetables is degraded, and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be applied in small amounts. For example, greenhouse pea fruits and vegetables, such as lotus root and white peony, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers often need to be applied 4 to 7 times.
Ms. Han from Lanzhou, Gansu: How to choose potash for growing vegetables? Can I apply potassium chloride?
A: Organic fertilizer is an important source of potassium, so the first principle of using potash in vegetables is to apply organic fertilizer. Potassium fertilizers are mainly potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. Which one to choose from can be considered from the following aspects. One is the conditions of rain and irrigation. In areas with low rain or smooth drainage, even potassium-sensitive crops can be applied with some potassium chloride. For areas with dry or poor rain or poor drainage, it is not advisable to apply chlorinated fertilizers even for chlorine-tolerant crops. The second is the chlorine tolerance of crops. Chlorine tolerance refers to the ability of crops to endure chloride in the roots without toxic. For potatoes, lettuce, leeks, watermelons, etc. with weak chlorine resistance, less or no potassium chloride should be applied. The third is soil salinization. In the saline-alkali soil area, vegetable and salinized greenhouse vegetables should not be applied with potassium chloride, and the application will increase the salinity hazard. The fourth is special requirements. Potassium sulphate should be applied to sulphur green onions, garlic and certain commercial vegetables with specific requirements, and no potassium chloride should be applied or applied.
Ms. Zheng from Chengdu: How to choose potassium-containing compound fertilizer for vegetables? Is the sulfur base good or the chlorine base good?
Answer: Take the solanaceous fruit and melon and fruit compound fertilizer as an example. The base fertilizer is mainly used for general purpose, and the top dressing is mainly for high nitrogen and potassium. As for the sulfur-based and chlorine-based ones, as mentioned above, mainly depends on precipitation, irrigation conditions and crop chlorine tolerance, potassium chloride should be preferred for open vegetables, especially when there is sufficient rain or irrigation and drainage conditions.
Mr. Tian from Weifang, Shandong: How much potassium fertilizer does the vegetable need to apply? How to apply?
A: It depends on which kind of vegetables, whether it is greenhouse vegetables or open vegetables. Generally speaking, for exposed vegetables, the base fertilizer is 3,000 to 4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, or 35 to 50 kg of organic fertilizer. Top dressing potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 10 ~ 15kg, or high nitrogen and potassium type compound fertilizer 15 ~ 25kg. At the beginning of the product formation (such as the beginning of the cabbage, the radish began to "outcrop", the onion and garlic roots began to expand, the solanaceous fruit, melons, the first fruit sitting, etc.), divided into 2 to 4 times. For greenhouse vegetables, generally 5,000 to 7000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of potassium sulfate, or 40 to 50 kg of organic fertilizer with sulfur-based general-purpose compound fertilizer. Among them, the solanaceous fruit, melon and fruit, topdressing and nitrogen fertilizer are applied in 4 to 7 times, and 8 to 12 kg of potassium sulfate or 15 to 25 kg of high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu.
Ms. Zeng from Wuhan, Hubei: I have never heard of lotus roots and white peony. I also need to apply so many fertilizers. Can you elaborate on them?
A: Taking lotus root as an example, the traditional practice in mainland China is generally: in the beginning of the initial stage (3~5 leaves in the field), the application of high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer is 20~30kg, and the initial period of the sitting stage (when the field is full of leaves) Apply high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer 15~25kg. According to Taiwan's experience, on the basis of the application of organic fertilizer, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied once every 10 to 15 days after planting, and a total of 7 times of topdressing is applied. Each application of fertilizer accounts for 10% to 15% of the total amount; The base fertilizer and the top dressing are applied once each, and the dosage is about 50%. Among them, the amount of fertilization of lotus seed and glutinous rice was significantly higher than that of fresh sorghum. In addition, Taiwan also does this for aquatic vegetables such as alfalfa and alfalfa. This method of applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer multiple times is in line with the nutritional rules of aquatic vegetables, which is conducive to high quality and high yield of crops.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Source: Farmers Daily
A: Rational application of potassium fertilizer can stabilize plants, increase yield and quality, and enhance disease resistance and frost resistance. Compared with field crops, its main characteristics are: high vegetable yield and high potassium demand. Potassium fertilizer application rate is often 1 to 2 times higher than that of field crops; potassium fertilizer in field crops is mainly used as base fertilizer, while vegetables are used as base fertilizer. Topdressing should also be applied. The amount of potassium in the solanaceous vegetables is higher than that in the base fertilizer; the growth period of greenhouse vegetables is longer, the absorption capacity of aquatic vegetables is degraded, and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be applied in small amounts. For example, greenhouse pea fruits and vegetables, such as lotus root and white peony, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers often need to be applied 4 to 7 times.
Ms. Han from Lanzhou, Gansu: How to choose potash for growing vegetables? Can I apply potassium chloride?
A: Organic fertilizer is an important source of potassium, so the first principle of using potash in vegetables is to apply organic fertilizer. Potassium fertilizers are mainly potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. Which one to choose from can be considered from the following aspects. One is the conditions of rain and irrigation. In areas with low rain or smooth drainage, even potassium-sensitive crops can be applied with some potassium chloride. For areas with dry or poor rain or poor drainage, it is not advisable to apply chlorinated fertilizers even for chlorine-tolerant crops. The second is the chlorine tolerance of crops. Chlorine tolerance refers to the ability of crops to endure chloride in the roots without toxic. For potatoes, lettuce, leeks, watermelons, etc. with weak chlorine resistance, less or no potassium chloride should be applied. The third is soil salinization. In the saline-alkali soil area, vegetable and salinized greenhouse vegetables should not be applied with potassium chloride, and the application will increase the salinity hazard. The fourth is special requirements. Potassium sulphate should be applied to sulphur green onions, garlic and certain commercial vegetables with specific requirements, and no potassium chloride should be applied or applied.
Ms. Zheng from Chengdu: How to choose potassium-containing compound fertilizer for vegetables? Is the sulfur base good or the chlorine base good?
Answer: Take the solanaceous fruit and melon and fruit compound fertilizer as an example. The base fertilizer is mainly used for general purpose, and the top dressing is mainly for high nitrogen and potassium. As for the sulfur-based and chlorine-based ones, as mentioned above, mainly depends on precipitation, irrigation conditions and crop chlorine tolerance, potassium chloride should be preferred for open vegetables, especially when there is sufficient rain or irrigation and drainage conditions.
Mr. Tian from Weifang, Shandong: How much potassium fertilizer does the vegetable need to apply? How to apply?
A: It depends on which kind of vegetables, whether it is greenhouse vegetables or open vegetables. Generally speaking, for exposed vegetables, the base fertilizer is 3,000 to 4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, or 35 to 50 kg of organic fertilizer. Top dressing potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 10 ~ 15kg, or high nitrogen and potassium type compound fertilizer 15 ~ 25kg. At the beginning of the product formation (such as the beginning of the cabbage, the radish began to "outcrop", the onion and garlic roots began to expand, the solanaceous fruit, melons, the first fruit sitting, etc.), divided into 2 to 4 times. For greenhouse vegetables, generally 5,000 to 7000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of potassium sulfate, or 40 to 50 kg of organic fertilizer with sulfur-based general-purpose compound fertilizer. Among them, the solanaceous fruit, melon and fruit, topdressing and nitrogen fertilizer are applied in 4 to 7 times, and 8 to 12 kg of potassium sulfate or 15 to 25 kg of high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu.
Ms. Zeng from Wuhan, Hubei: I have never heard of lotus roots and white peony. I also need to apply so many fertilizers. Can you elaborate on them?
A: Taking lotus root as an example, the traditional practice in mainland China is generally: in the beginning of the initial stage (3~5 leaves in the field), the application of high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer is 20~30kg, and the initial period of the sitting stage (when the field is full of leaves) Apply high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer 15~25kg. According to Taiwan's experience, on the basis of the application of organic fertilizer, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied once every 10 to 15 days after planting, and a total of 7 times of topdressing is applied. Each application of fertilizer accounts for 10% to 15% of the total amount; The base fertilizer and the top dressing are applied once each, and the dosage is about 50%. Among them, the amount of fertilization of lotus seed and glutinous rice was significantly higher than that of fresh sorghum. In addition, Taiwan also does this for aquatic vegetables such as alfalfa and alfalfa. This method of applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer multiple times is in line with the nutritional rules of aquatic vegetables, which is conducive to high quality and high yield of crops.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Source: Farmers Daily
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