In recent years, driven by the global economy, China's stone industry has developed by leaps and bounds. According to industry insiders, China's import and export trade totaled nearly 5.5 billion yuan in 2008, an increase of 17.14% over the previous year. Of this total, exports were 3.943 billion US dollars, an increase of 15.06% over the previous year; imports were 1.545 billion US dollars, an increase of 22.72% over the previous year.
During the difficult period, the substantial growth of stone import and export indicates that China has huge stone processing capacity and consumer market, and has become a veritable world stone processing center. Chinese stone has shown a vigorous development trend. However, we must always keep a clear head. Compared with some well-known foreign brands, there is still a big gap. There are still many hidden dangers behind the prosperity. They restrict the Chinese stone industry to a greater extent.
Below, let's analyze these problems and their roots one by one.
Bottleneck 1: Triangle debt problem
According to people in the stone industry, the issue of triangular debt in the stone industry is widespread. He introduced that, as understood in the 2005 Stone Expo, the arrears of Shanghai Stone Project were very serious. According to incomplete statistics, in 2004, Shanghai directly used the facing stone in the project to reach 8 billion yuan, and the arrears of more than one year reached 1.9 billion yuan, accounting for about 25%. The arrears of more than two years are 700 million yuan, accounting for about 9%.
Although 10% of the arrears of more than one year are generally the normal deposits stipulated in the contract, the remaining 15% are not normal. A substantial portion of the 10% arrears over two years has been converted into an infinite triangular debt. According to the insider, the bad news in the stone industry eventually led to forced discounts, which caused the loss of Shanghai stone enterprises to be about 200 million yuan per year, and the annual profit of the entire Shanghai stone industry was only 50,000-600 million.
What is the cause of this situation? It is understood that there are many ways to maliciously default in the stone industry. If some decoration companies rely on the favorable position in their contract negotiations, they use the urgent mentality of stone enterprises to undertake the project and the unfamiliarity with the legal provisions. They deliberately set traps in the contract and put forward some unreasonable clauses. On the basis of the need to smash stone enterprises; in addition, the use of natural stone color differences, cracks and other characteristics and the acceptance criteria are not perfect, deliberately create troubles, disputes, in order to achieve the purpose of default or even debt.
The malicious default of triangular debt has a great impact on stone enterprises: First, enterprises can only continue to grow and grow if they continue to make profits, accumulate, and reinvest, and triangular debts become a roadblock for the development of enterprises, thus affecting the overall level of the entire stone industry; second, it is often The company only pays attention to short-term behavior, pays attention to relationships, walks behind the door and other unfair practices, and encourages some squally evils in the stone industry. Third, for foreign enterprises, the triangular debts have caused them a great psychological burden, making them more in the future. difficult.
In response to the above-mentioned malicious arrears, stone enterprises should formulate corresponding countermeasures in a targeted manner. First of all, we should step up drafting standard contract texts, pay attention to training, and standardize the order of engineering operations. All local stone associations should promote a unified contract text in the industry, develop engineering guidance prices to carry out training for industry personnel, and continuously improve the quality of the industry. Secondly, provide legal and technical assistance to member companies in a timely manner. The legal counsel of the associations and the member rights committee should promptly intervene in some engineering disputes; once again, advocate the standard operation, and it is strictly forbidden to undertake the project.
Bottleneck 2: Stone engineering heavy material and light technology
From the relevant stone industry insiders, many stone projects now focus on materials and neglect the techniques, which brings a lot of trouble to the further development of stone enterprises. Specifically, in the selection of stone, it is usually one-sided attention to the surface color and pattern of the stone, while ignoring the intrinsic properties of the stone. Natural stone is naturally formed, and its mineral content varies widely, which determines its physical and chemical properties. As a high-grade decorative material in the world today, stone must be reasonably selected according to its physical and chemical properties, color and pattern in the use part, function and service life of the project, and adopt modern nursing products for scientific protection treatment. In order to highlight the decorative effect of high-grade materials such as beauty, durability, naturalness, environmental protection and safety of stone.
Some owners and construction workers often attach great importance to the color and texture of stone. However, the technical content of the matching of stone color and construction is generally insufficient. The one-sided emphasis on the quality of the material itself leads to the lack of technical methods. Good and affect the decorative effect. For example, the materials are not harmonious, the flatness, the color difference, the corner processing is not refined, the thick branches and leaves, and even in the dry construction of the stone with a large technical coefficient, there are certain quality hidden dangers. With its natural, luxurious and beautiful features, stone plaques are increasingly used in the decoration industry, and continue to grow from indoor to outdoor, from low to high, from small to large. In the past few years, stone curtain walls were only used in the wall skirts of buildings, but now they are constantly developing to the tops of tens of meters and hundreds of meters. Imagine that high-rise decoration uses hundreds of slabs that are five times heavier than glass. If there are hidden dangers in raw materials, processes, and construction methods, the stones will fall from the sky, and the consequences will be disastrous. Therefore, the quality of stone decoration not only affects the decorative effect, engineering quality, but also the safety of people's lives and property.
In this regard, we must achieve: the construction team must be specialized. There are many processes in the construction of stone decoration projects, the project is very complicated, and the professional attributes are extremely strong. Therefore, stone installation personnel are required to understand the basic knowledge of stone and understand the requirements of construction specifications. Which joints are steel joints, which joints are flexible joints, where marble glue can be used, and where elastic rubber must be used. For example, the reserved gap in the dry hanging method of stone should not be padded with steel pad to avoid damage caused by sedimentation, wind pressure and other factors, and ensure the professionalization of the stone construction team.
According to industry insiders, there are homogenization and disorderly competition in several very famous stone distribution centers in the country: Guangdong Yunfu Hekou Town, Fujian Quanzhou Shuitou Town and Chongwu Town, Shandong Laizhou Village and Xiaqiu. The stone promulgation in these areas has a certain commonality, that is, they all engage in the same variety at the same time. Although it can form a scale effect, the small, earthy, scattered, chaotic and poor situation of the scattered stone enterprises has caused many enterprises to suffer from the consequences.
In Yunfu, there are more than 2,000 stone processing enterprises, large and small, and the information dissemination is relatively fast. When a new product is launched, everyone will flock to it. As a result, there is little profit related to the quality of the product.
Shuitou Town is a stone for all people. Two years ago, the main small-scale play, two years later, Shuitou Town has established the status of China's largest stone processing base. Today, four years later, Shuitou Town has become the "kingdom" of Chinese stone processing. According to the relevant personage of Quanzhou Shiye Chamber of Commerce, Shuantou Town of Nan'an City mainly deals with all kinds of stone processing, especially marble, and most of the Chongwu Town of Hui'an is a professional tombstone. In Quanzhou, there are at least 3,000 stone enterprises, more than 2,000 stone enterprises registered in the industrial and commercial department of Nan'an Shuitou, nearly 100 in Quangang District and nearly 1,000 in Chongwu Town of Hui'an. This data is only a conservative estimate, and there are still many family workshops that do not count. Most of the stone enterprises in Quanzhou are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the number of enterprises with an annual output value of more than 50 million yuan will not exceed 100. This led to disorderly competition, similar products, falling prices, falling profits, etc., which seriously affected Quanzhou stone enterprises to become stronger and bigger.
In this regard, Xu Rongqi, president of the Xiamen Stone Chamber of Commerce, believes that the focus of stone enterprises to develop and strengthen at this stage is to fulfill the differentiation strategy, that is, large enterprises must go to large-scale operation, and small and medium-sized enterprises must have their own characteristics. Because in the past few years, Quansha stone enterprises generally implemented low-cost strategies, but after a certain period, the cost, price, production process, materials and other convergence, the average profit of the industry declined, only to implement a differentiated strategy can have a larger development space.
During the difficult period, the substantial growth of stone import and export indicates that China has huge stone processing capacity and consumer market, and has become a veritable world stone processing center. Chinese stone has shown a vigorous development trend. However, we must always keep a clear head. Compared with some well-known foreign brands, there is still a big gap. There are still many hidden dangers behind the prosperity. They restrict the Chinese stone industry to a greater extent.
Below, let's analyze these problems and their roots one by one.
Bottleneck 1: Triangle debt problem
According to people in the stone industry, the issue of triangular debt in the stone industry is widespread. He introduced that, as understood in the 2005 Stone Expo, the arrears of Shanghai Stone Project were very serious. According to incomplete statistics, in 2004, Shanghai directly used the facing stone in the project to reach 8 billion yuan, and the arrears of more than one year reached 1.9 billion yuan, accounting for about 25%. The arrears of more than two years are 700 million yuan, accounting for about 9%.
Although 10% of the arrears of more than one year are generally the normal deposits stipulated in the contract, the remaining 15% are not normal. A substantial portion of the 10% arrears over two years has been converted into an infinite triangular debt. According to the insider, the bad news in the stone industry eventually led to forced discounts, which caused the loss of Shanghai stone enterprises to be about 200 million yuan per year, and the annual profit of the entire Shanghai stone industry was only 50,000-600 million.
What is the cause of this situation? It is understood that there are many ways to maliciously default in the stone industry. If some decoration companies rely on the favorable position in their contract negotiations, they use the urgent mentality of stone enterprises to undertake the project and the unfamiliarity with the legal provisions. They deliberately set traps in the contract and put forward some unreasonable clauses. On the basis of the need to smash stone enterprises; in addition, the use of natural stone color differences, cracks and other characteristics and the acceptance criteria are not perfect, deliberately create troubles, disputes, in order to achieve the purpose of default or even debt.
The malicious default of triangular debt has a great impact on stone enterprises: First, enterprises can only continue to grow and grow if they continue to make profits, accumulate, and reinvest, and triangular debts become a roadblock for the development of enterprises, thus affecting the overall level of the entire stone industry; second, it is often The company only pays attention to short-term behavior, pays attention to relationships, walks behind the door and other unfair practices, and encourages some squally evils in the stone industry. Third, for foreign enterprises, the triangular debts have caused them a great psychological burden, making them more in the future. difficult.
In response to the above-mentioned malicious arrears, stone enterprises should formulate corresponding countermeasures in a targeted manner. First of all, we should step up drafting standard contract texts, pay attention to training, and standardize the order of engineering operations. All local stone associations should promote a unified contract text in the industry, develop engineering guidance prices to carry out training for industry personnel, and continuously improve the quality of the industry. Secondly, provide legal and technical assistance to member companies in a timely manner. The legal counsel of the associations and the member rights committee should promptly intervene in some engineering disputes; once again, advocate the standard operation, and it is strictly forbidden to undertake the project.
Bottleneck 2: Stone engineering heavy material and light technology
From the relevant stone industry insiders, many stone projects now focus on materials and neglect the techniques, which brings a lot of trouble to the further development of stone enterprises. Specifically, in the selection of stone, it is usually one-sided attention to the surface color and pattern of the stone, while ignoring the intrinsic properties of the stone. Natural stone is naturally formed, and its mineral content varies widely, which determines its physical and chemical properties. As a high-grade decorative material in the world today, stone must be reasonably selected according to its physical and chemical properties, color and pattern in the use part, function and service life of the project, and adopt modern nursing products for scientific protection treatment. In order to highlight the decorative effect of high-grade materials such as beauty, durability, naturalness, environmental protection and safety of stone.
Some owners and construction workers often attach great importance to the color and texture of stone. However, the technical content of the matching of stone color and construction is generally insufficient. The one-sided emphasis on the quality of the material itself leads to the lack of technical methods. Good and affect the decorative effect. For example, the materials are not harmonious, the flatness, the color difference, the corner processing is not refined, the thick branches and leaves, and even in the dry construction of the stone with a large technical coefficient, there are certain quality hidden dangers. With its natural, luxurious and beautiful features, stone plaques are increasingly used in the decoration industry, and continue to grow from indoor to outdoor, from low to high, from small to large. In the past few years, stone curtain walls were only used in the wall skirts of buildings, but now they are constantly developing to the tops of tens of meters and hundreds of meters. Imagine that high-rise decoration uses hundreds of slabs that are five times heavier than glass. If there are hidden dangers in raw materials, processes, and construction methods, the stones will fall from the sky, and the consequences will be disastrous. Therefore, the quality of stone decoration not only affects the decorative effect, engineering quality, but also the safety of people's lives and property.
In this regard, we must achieve: the construction team must be specialized. There are many processes in the construction of stone decoration projects, the project is very complicated, and the professional attributes are extremely strong. Therefore, stone installation personnel are required to understand the basic knowledge of stone and understand the requirements of construction specifications. Which joints are steel joints, which joints are flexible joints, where marble glue can be used, and where elastic rubber must be used. For example, the reserved gap in the dry hanging method of stone should not be padded with steel pad to avoid damage caused by sedimentation, wind pressure and other factors, and ensure the professionalization of the stone construction team.
According to industry insiders, there are homogenization and disorderly competition in several very famous stone distribution centers in the country: Guangdong Yunfu Hekou Town, Fujian Quanzhou Shuitou Town and Chongwu Town, Shandong Laizhou Village and Xiaqiu. The stone promulgation in these areas has a certain commonality, that is, they all engage in the same variety at the same time. Although it can form a scale effect, the small, earthy, scattered, chaotic and poor situation of the scattered stone enterprises has caused many enterprises to suffer from the consequences.
In Yunfu, there are more than 2,000 stone processing enterprises, large and small, and the information dissemination is relatively fast. When a new product is launched, everyone will flock to it. As a result, there is little profit related to the quality of the product.
Shuitou Town is a stone for all people. Two years ago, the main small-scale play, two years later, Shuitou Town has established the status of China's largest stone processing base. Today, four years later, Shuitou Town has become the "kingdom" of Chinese stone processing. According to the relevant personage of Quanzhou Shiye Chamber of Commerce, Shuantou Town of Nan'an City mainly deals with all kinds of stone processing, especially marble, and most of the Chongwu Town of Hui'an is a professional tombstone. In Quanzhou, there are at least 3,000 stone enterprises, more than 2,000 stone enterprises registered in the industrial and commercial department of Nan'an Shuitou, nearly 100 in Quangang District and nearly 1,000 in Chongwu Town of Hui'an. This data is only a conservative estimate, and there are still many family workshops that do not count. Most of the stone enterprises in Quanzhou are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the number of enterprises with an annual output value of more than 50 million yuan will not exceed 100. This led to disorderly competition, similar products, falling prices, falling profits, etc., which seriously affected Quanzhou stone enterprises to become stronger and bigger.
In this regard, Xu Rongqi, president of the Xiamen Stone Chamber of Commerce, believes that the focus of stone enterprises to develop and strengthen at this stage is to fulfill the differentiation strategy, that is, large enterprises must go to large-scale operation, and small and medium-sized enterprises must have their own characteristics. Because in the past few years, Quansha stone enterprises generally implemented low-cost strategies, but after a certain period, the cost, price, production process, materials and other convergence, the average profit of the industry declined, only to implement a differentiated strategy can have a larger development space.
Light Emitting Diode F5 In-line
1. Welding prerequisite: (The solder joint must be at least 2mm away from the resin root)
Dip soldering: Please complete the soldering once within 5 seconds at 260°C to prevent the resin from being immersed in the tin bath.
Soldering iron: Use a 30W soldering iron with the tip temperature not higher than 350℃, and the soldering can be completed once within 5 seconds.
Do not apply external force to the product during soldering. Pay attention to prevent the LED pins from being corroded or discolored, otherwise it will cause soldering difficulties. It is recommended to use it as soon as possible.
2. Use attention:
Lead forming must be completed before soldering, and the spacing between the device holes on the circuit board should be consistent with the electrode pins.
If the product is cut under high temperature, it will be defective. Please cut the lead at room temperature.
Before the soldering temperature returns to normal, the LED must be protected from any vibration or external force.
3. Electrostatic protection:
In-line LED
High-brightness blue, green, and white products are sensitive to static electricity. Please be aware that the surge of static electricity will damage or destroy the product. Please use a conductive pad to ground the task table in contact with the product; the tip of the soldering iron must be grounded. To be grounded; it is recommended to use an ion generator.
4. Cleaning:
Special care must be taken when cleaning the gel with chemicals. Some chemicals can damage the surface of the gel and cause discoloration, such as trichloroethylene and acetone. It can be wiped and dipped in ethanol, and the time does not exceed 3 minutes at room temperature.
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