Most of the aviation industry parts require a five-axis linkage machine

Editor's Note: “High-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment” is one of the 16 major scientific and technological projects identified in the “National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)”. At present, the special implementation plan has entered the stage of expert demonstration and approval. In June and July of this year, the Industry Development and Reform Commission Industry Department commissioned the China Machine Tool Industry Association to organize an industry survey to further demonstrate the objectives, implementation conditions and work plans of major projects. Accordingly, the association organized 30 industry experts to conduct special research on 61 enterprises and institutions in the aviation, shipbuilding, automotive, power generation equipment and machine tool industries. The results of this survey will be published in four journals.

According to a person from the China Machine Tool Industry Association, the focus of this survey is to investigate the manufacturing process and equipment of major key components of aircraft and aircraft engines. The main users of the aviation industry research are: Shenyang Aircraft Company, Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Company, Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Plant, Xi'an Aircraft International Corporation, and Xi'an Aero Engine Company.

Urgent need for special equipment to process composite parts

Typical parts of the aircraft include beams, ribs, ribs, frames, siding, joints, etc. The blanks are plates, forgings and extruded profiles. At present, more than 90% of the parts are made of aluminum alloy, and a small amount is stainless steel and titanium alloy.

The main structural forms of aircraft parts fall into two categories. One type is long-plate type parts, such as beams, rims, ribs and siding parts. The aspect ratio is large, and the inner and outer edges are spatial curved surfaces with complex shapes. For example, a certain type of aircraft edge strip part is a T-shaped thin-walled part, the material is a T-shaped high-strength aluminum alloy extruded profile, 6700mm×110mm×200mm, with an angle requirement of 91.68°, the theoretical shape accuracy is plus or minus 0.25mm; the upper wall The plate and the lower plate are made of high-strength aluminum alloy, the longest is 5600mm, the widest is 750mm, the thinnest is 2mm, and it needs to be clamped by vacuum platform during processing. The processing of aluminum alloy parts requires high-speed cutting because the beam and wing The whole wall is made of the whole material.

The other type is frame-shaped parts, such as profiled ribs, brackets or joints. Mainly frame-shaped structure, complex shape and large processing capacity. For example, the rear beam hinge joint of a certain aircraft is the main force-receiving part of the balance tail. The structure is complex, the blank is forging, the outer dimension is 420mm×340mm×225mm, the geometrical tolerance is 0.1mm; the rib web blank is high-strength aluminum alloy board. Maximum 925mm × 260m × 76mm, minimum 590mm × 190mm × 35mm, divided into single-sided frame, double-sided frame two kinds of web, the thinnest part is only 0.9mm, material utilization rate is 12%, which means that 88% of the material is resection. The warehouse door is also a frame type component. The material is 7150~T7351 high-strength aluminum alloy. The blank size is 40mm×3100mm×800mm. There are also single and double-sided frames, as well as door reinforcement ribs and door frame joints.

In order to improve the processing efficiency, the aluminum alloy parts are processed by high-speed cutting, which requires the use of high-speed machine tools. The spindle speed is above 15000r/min-18000r/min, the acceleration is about 1g, the positioning accuracy is 0.02mm, the machining accuracy is 0.1mm~0.15mm, and the whole stroke accuracy is achieved. 0.3mm.

In the aerospace industry, the use of titanium alloys is increasing, and aluminum-lithium alloys are also beginning to be applied. Machining titanium alloy parts requires sufficient torque and power for the machine tool. It belongs to high-torque and powerful cutting. It requires a spindle speed of about 6000r/min. The machine tool should have sufficient rigidity and five-axis machining function. It should be equipped with A/B swing angle milling head or A/. C swing angle milling head. The rigidity of the A/B swing angle milling head is good. The rigidity of the A/C swing angle milling head is less. The five-axis linkage has a swing angle of plus or minus 25° and the machine positioning accuracy is 0.02 mm.

The use of composite materials in the aircraft industry has increased, especially for carbon fiber materials. At present, there is an urgent need for special equipment for composite material processing, such as tape laying machines. The key to the tape laying machine is to have functions such as inspection, laser positioning, infrared monitoring, compaction, and ultrasonic cutting.

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