1. The development trend of CNC machine tools
CNC machine tools have gone through digital control (NC), direct numerical control (DNC) to computer numerical control (CNC) commonly used in manufacturing today. Its machining accuracy and cutting speed are approximately doubled every 8 years. Positioning accuracy will soon bid farewell to the micron era and enter the sub-micron era. High speed and high precision are the main features of modern CNC machine tools.
Modern machine tools also feature: composite machining, multi-axis linkage, environmentally friendly (green eco-machine tools), intelligent monitoring and compensation, and human-machine communication and autonomous management (smart machine tools), integrated into high-performance CNC machine tools. The overall goal of high-performance CNC machine tools is to significantly improve production efficiency and product quality, energy saving, environmental protection and operator health.
It can be predicted that in the next three to five years, machine tool manufacturers and R&D institutions will compete for the commanding heights in the following areas:
1) Virtual machine tool (NC Verification). Develop mechatronics, hardware and software integration simulation technology to improve the design level and performance of machine tools.
2) Green Eco-Machine. Energy conservation and emission reduction, and strive to minimize the environmental load of the production system.
3) Smart Machining. Improve the reliability, processing accuracy and comprehensive performance of production systems.
4) e-machine (Autonomous Machine). Improve the independent autonomy of the production system and the ability to interact with users and managers, so that the machine tool is not only a processing device, but a node in the enterprise management network.
2. What is a green ecological machine tool?
The machine not only consumes energy during use, but also produces solid, liquid and gaseous waste, which directly or indirectly pollutes the working environment and the natural environment. From the perspective of the entire life cycle of the machine tool, how to reduce the impact on the environment of green eco-machine tools has become a hot topic of current research. Green eco machine tools should have the following characteristics:
1) The main parts of the machine tool are made of recycled materials.
2) The weight and volume of the machine tool are reduced by more than 50%.
3) Reduce power consumption by 30-40% by reducing the mass of the mobile and reducing the power of the idle operation.
4) Reduce the waste of the process by 50-60% to ensure a basically non-polluting working environment.
5) After scrapping, the material of the machine tool can be recycled 100%.
2.1 Weight loss and energy saving
According to statistics, the power used to cut metal during the use of machine tools accounts for only about 25%, and various losses account for most of them. The first measure of a green eco-machine tool is to build an eco-efficient machine by significantly reducing the weight of the machine and reducing the power required. Green Eco-Machine proposes a new concept: significantly reducing the weight of the machine tool, saving materials; while reducing the energy consumption of the machine tool.
The traditional machine tool design philosophy is "only enough stiffness to ensure machining accuracy, increase the rigidity must increase the weight of the machine." Therefore, 80% of the weight of existing machines is used to “guarantee†the rigidity of the machine, while only 20% is used to meet the kinematics of the machine. Therefore, there is a lot of room for machine structure optimization. The way to achieve this goal is through the adoption of new structures and new materials.
2.2 MQL emission reduction
Lubricating coolants during machine tool use are harmful emissions, especially when used in grinding, which is very harmful to the environment and workers' health. Therefore, drastically reducing the use and discharge of coolant is a fundamental feature of green eco-machine tools. There are two ways to achieve this goal:
1) Dry cutting without using coolant. The machine needs to have enough rigidity and sharp tools to be used only for machining some simple milling and turning operations.
2) Minimal lubrication (MQL). MQL has a wide range of applications and can be used in a variety of processing methods, but requires specialized equipment to provide aerosol or low temperature air (cold air), as well as specialized lubricants.
2.3 Tool efficiency
The productivity of the machine tool goes up to the tip of the tool. Using advanced tools, selecting reasonable tool geometry and cutting parameters can greatly improve the efficiency of cutting, reduce the power required for the cutting process, and extend the life of the tool, thus achieving greater output with less resource consumption. the goal of.
2.4 Value-added reuse
Metal cutting chips are the main solid waste in the use of machine tools. The traditional method is to sell it as waste to the waste recycling unit and into the social waste recycling cycle. Jiangsu Yangli Group will process thousands of tons of iron filings and steel scraps per year in the enterprise by sorting, briquetting, compounding and melting high-quality ductile iron castings, turning waste into treasure and making crankshafts such as presses. And other key parts.
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