First, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer
Some farmers planted pear trees and planted sweet potatoes. In order to cut potatoes and raise pigs, they often splashed pig manure. The pear trees grow tall and large, and the light blossoms are not fruitful. Such pear trees should stop applying nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the canopy of the canopy and the canopy.
Second, exclude orchard water
Some pear trees are planted in the fields. Although the soil is deep, the soil is fertile, and the pear trees grow well, the drainage is poor. During the flowering period, there is usually too much rain, and the growth of waterlogging is frustrated, so that there is little fruit hanging or even fruit. In this case, the drainage ditch should be opened so that the drought can be filled and the rainy days are not stained.
Third, appropriate pruning
Some pear trees grow too vigorously. They must cut off the main branches and some of the backbone branches, and pull the long branches into the crown edge with ropes. This can not only control the excessive growth of nutrients, but also increase the light receiving area and light intensity, which is beneficial to the results.
Fourth, planting pollination saplings
Pear is a cross-pollinated plant, and the rate of pollination in the variety is very low or even fruitless. Planting pollination varieties can promote the pollination results of pear trees. The ratio of general pollination trees to planting trees is 1:3.
Five, artificial assisted pollination
Choose a variety with strong affinity and large amount of pollen as a pollination variety, collect mature anthers that are about to be cracked or just cracked, put them in the sun to dry, place a newspaper under the newspaper, crack the anthers, collect the pollen, and then carry out artificial pollination.
6. Spraying plant hormones
Spraying plant hormones during flowering can increase the fruit set rate of pear trees; spraying plant hormones during the expansion of young fruit can reduce fruit drop, promote fruit weight, improve quality, and increase yield. The types of plant hormones are 920, preserved fruit and sprayed Shibao.
Source: Farm Manager
Pear fruit bagging can effectively prevent fruit pests and diseases, reduce pesticide pollution and improve fruit quality. The management before and after bagging is the most critical stage in the whole year of cultivation, which directly affects the yield and quality of pear fruit, which should be paid attention to by farmers.
First, the preparation work before bagging
1, thin fruit
The fruit thinning should be based on the production of fruit. The fruit per acre is generally controlled at 2500-3000 kg. The amount of fruit left in pears can be around 18,000; about 15,000 in yellow-crowned pears; about 12,000 in emerald pears; about 8,000 in golden pears; and about 9,000 in round yellow pears.
Generally, every 20-25 cm, a fruit-shaped drooping fruit is left, and the oblique condition of the light-branched branch can be 20 cm to leave a fruit, and the shaded branch and the drooping branch are 25 cm to leave a fruit. The thinning fruit can be divided into two parts. First, the excess fruit of all the inflorescences is removed, and the single fruit is left, and then the small fruit, the deformed fruit, the poorly positioned fruit, the diseased fruit and the like are removed according to the amount of the retained fruit.
2, summer shears
For 1-year-old shoots with inappropriate azimuth angle and no growth space, it should be removed from the base in time to reduce nutrient consumption and concentrate more nutrients into future fruit enlargement and flower bud differentiation. At the same time, the tree body is kept ventilated and light-transmitted, and the amount of light transmitted by the upper branches and leaves is not less than 30%, and the amount of light transmitted under the tree is not less than 15%.
3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
Before bagging is the most critical period for pest control in the whole year, it must be thoroughly clean. Spray 2-3 safe and effective insecticides after flowering to the bag.
For pests such as pear hibiscus, yellow mealworm, and Kang's whitefly, you can choose to use alternating materials such as sylvestre (spirit ethyl ester), lesper, imidacloprid, pyrethroid, etc. for pear black spot disease, black spot disease, Bagging black spot disease, etc., must have protective fungicides, but also therapeutic fungicides, can be used Antaisheng + Hao Like, or carbendazim + ethyl aluminum phosphate, or methyl thiophanate + ethyl aluminum phosphate .
4, application of nutrition
Pear yellow leaves, avocado, cracked fruit, chicken claw disease, etc. are all physiological diseases caused by the lack of certain trace elements. Before bagging, it is an important period for applying micro-fertilizer, which can be combined with the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Shi Weifei.
Second, bagging
1, the choice of paper bags
When the fruit grower chooses the fruit bag, the outer bag should be selected to have good toughness. It is not easy to be damaged by wind and rain, and the appearance is less fading. The middle layer of black paper should not be too thick, but the thickness should be uniform, and it should not be faded with boiling water; the inner bag is soft and not drawn. Cotton paper with a fruit surface.
The new variety pears can be selected from the outer yellow (or flower) black inner cotton three-layer bag, or the small wax bag plus double yellow bag, or the outer yellow white wax paper bag, or double-layer yellow wax paper bag, etc., traditional varieties of pear and snow Pears are available in double or triple bags.
2, bagging period
Generally, it is completed within 20 days after the completion of the fruit setting. Since the fruit formation period is 15 days after the fruit setting period is completed, the bagging is too late, the fruit points are large, affecting the fruit quality, and the bagging is as early as possible after the fruit is finished.
Different varieties of bags are suitable for different periods. Early maturity such as sapphire pears, generally begin to bagging on May 3-5, completed before May 15; mature later such as yellow crown, gold, large fruit crystal, pear, etc., generally on May 5 - 10 days to start bagging, completed before May 20; brown pears such as round yellow, Huashan, etc., can start bagging on May 15th, completed at the end of May; snow pears, pears at the end of June.
Bagging time is best done at 8-11 am and 3-6 pm, avoiding exposure to strong light and wind and rain.
3, bagging method
Before bagging, the bag mouth portion of the whole bundle of fruit bags can be soaked in water to facilitate bagging operation and tight bagging. It is best to soak it with 2000 times of avermectin for a period of time to prevent the drilling of bags such as Tenebrio molitor and Kang's whitefly.
Take a fruit bag when bagging, open the bag mouth, hold the bottom of the bag with one hand, extend the bag into the bag with the other hand, and then pinch the two corners of the bottom of the bag to open the vent holes of the two bottom corners. The whole fruit bag is bulged in a spherical shape. Then, hold the fruit handle in one hand, hold the fruit bag in one hand, put the young fruit into the fruit bag from bottom to top, and place the fruit handle in the incision in the middle of the bag so that the fruit is in the middle of the bag body. Finally, fold the bag mouth and tie it tightly with iron wire.
The tightness of the tie should be moderate, and the tightness affects the development of the fruit stalk. If it is too loose, the liquid or rain will enter the fruit bag, causing irritation to the fruit surface. The order of bagging is first under the tree and then in the inner periphery. When bagging, try to make the pear fruit evenly distributed on the tree, and not too much fruit.
Third, post-bag management
After bagging, it is generally in the middle and late May. At this time, it is at the peak of root growth, the period of young fruit expansion, and the long-term new shoots. It also faces flower bud differentiation, which requires a lot of fertilizer. If the supply is not timely, it will affect the growth and cause falling flowers. Fruit drop, premature aging. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizer. 45-50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer is applied per acre. The fertilization method can be applied at acupoints, radial ditch, etc., and the water is poured after fertilization.
In addition, after bagging, it will enter the rainy season. If you encounter weather conditions that do not rain for a long time, you must replenish water in time. Insufficient water, affecting the expansion of young fruit. Soil moisture is generally not less than 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
In order to protect the leaves and fruits, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases after bagging. Spraying tebuconazole 3000 times solution or difenoconazole 2000 times solution + spirotetramat 5000 times solution every 10-15 days for prevention.
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