The application of feed pharmaceutical additives directly leads to the manifestation of farm production indicators. Misuse and abuse are waste of livestock resources and must be highly valued by peers. At present, our laws and regulations need to be updated, and the popularity of professional knowledge of industry professionals is still at a low level. Only by strengthening the professional and technical skills of the people in the industry in China and improving the professional ethics education in the industry, the legislative promotion of exaggerating the promotion of antibiotics can be fundamentally improved.
At present, the scale and intensive development of China's aquaculture industry has reached the world's advanced level. In order to improve the production efficiency of livestock and poultry, and to produce safe, healthy and green animal products or animal products, the healthy development of the feed industry should be comprehensively improved. Economical social services. China's current pharmaceutical additives are developing rapidly, with many varieties and large quantities. The application in the feed industry has achieved good results in preventing piglet diarrhea. However, there are many problems of unreasonable application and the lack of professional technical theoretical guidance required for the application of pharmaceutical additives. Through years of practice and research, the author has found that the application of pharmaceutical additives in the feed industry is based on the bacterial and parasitic diseases of livestock and poultry, promoting the growth and production of animals as the central purpose, while preventing the intestinal and respiratory tract of livestock and poultry. Based on chronic wasting diseases, it guarantees the health of livestock and poultry. The author makes a detailed explanation for the reference of the technical staff in the feed industry.
First, the application of feed pharmaceutical additives in the feed industry
1. Proficiency in pharmacological knowledge, toxicological knowledge, infectious disease knowledge, and understanding of immunology and microbiology.
2. Proficiency in the epidemiological characteristics and laws of bacterial infectious diseases in livestock and poultry.
3. Proficiency in the Ministry of Agriculture on the publication of the "Code of Use of Feed Drug Additives" and the use of veterinary drugs in some countries.
4. Have good practical experience, solid professional quality and logical reasoning ability.
5. Adhere to the importance and timeliness of the application of sound pharmaceutical additives in the feed industry.
6. The concept of establishing pharmaceutical additives to promote growth and prevent chronic wasting diseases.
Second, the application principle of feed pharmaceutical additives in the feed industry
1. Definition of feed drug additives.
(1) Feed drug additive refers to the application of sub-therapeutic dose in the feed industry, based on the bacterial and parasitic diseases of livestock and poultry as the reference object to promote animal growth and production, improve feed utilization, and inhibit livestock and poultry Antibiotics for the purpose of ensuring the health of livestock and poultry. Feed medicines are mainly added to tetracyclines, polyethers and peptide antibiotics, as well as chemically synthesized antibiotics and microecological preparations for the prevention of coccidiosis in livestock and poultry.
(2) Chronic wasting disease refers to an infectious disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that occurs in different growth stages or a certain growth stage and different seasons of livestock and poultry and has a long latency. It mainly causes a decrease in growth rate and a decrease in feed conversion rate. Primary disease. There are mainly parasites, enteritis, and mycoplasmal pneumonia.
2. Large-scale pig farm bacterial diseases.
(1) Enteritis, piglets, poultry are mainly Gram-negative enteritis such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella; Clostridium-positive enteritis such as Clostridium, necrotizing, proliferative enteritis and Helicobacter pylori in adult livestock and poultry .
(2) Chronic respiratory diseases are mainly chronic respiratory diseases of poultry and asthma in pigs.
(3) Parasitic diseases are mainly coccidiosis in young birds and coccidiosis in piglets, especially coccidiosis in young birds.
Third, the importance of the application of pharmaceutical additives in the feed industry
(1) History of the development of feed pharmaceutical additives
In the United States, penicillin was used as a feed additive in 1949 to promote the growth of piglets and chicks, and subsequent growth-promoting drugs were produced. Feed antibiotics are developed on the basis of medicinal antibiotics. The application of feed antibiotics has a history of 50 years, and its development can be divided into three stages. In the first stage of the 50s-60s, feed antibiotics were medicinal antibiotics shared by humans and animals. After the 1960s, people gradually realized the mechanism of bacterial resistance and its transfer mechanism and the possible harm of human antibiotics to human health. It was proposed that the feed antibiotic should be separated from human antibiotics and began to develop special feed antibiotics. It is the second stage. Since the 1980s, the research and application of feed antibiotics has entered the third stage, focusing on the screening of special feed antibiotics with no residue, no toxic side effects and no drug resistance. They are not only completely separated from human antibiotics, but also separated from veterinary drugs. To ensure the absolute safety of feed antibiotics. At present, China has been using the No. 20 document of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2001. The introduction of Document No. 20 indicates that China's feed and drug additives have become more formalized and mature. At the same time, how to apply feed additives in the feed industry has always been our application. The research object, however, feed drug additives are gradually developing towards biosynthetic antibiotics with few side effects and resistant to drug resistance, and the pace will be faster and faster, but due to domestic research and development capabilities and foreign laws and regulations, China's growth-promoting feed drug additives The types are still very limited. Until now, only the bacitracin zinc, flavomycin, salinomycin, monensin, guitarmycin and nosiheptide have been produced. Although the 20th document has been published for more than 10 years, other growth-promoting antibiotics. Such as enramycin, virginiamycin, and avilamycin have not been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, while the anti-Gram-negative bacteria only have colistin sulfate, oregano oil, olaquindox, which gives enterprises Development has adverse effects.
(II) Application principle of feed pharmaceutical additives in the feed industry
1. Disease control effects of feed drug additives. That is, the inhibition and killing of harmful microorganisms by antibiotics has achieved good results in China. The use of antibiotics can inhibit or kill harmful microorganisms and reduce the nutrients consumed by the growth of harmful microorganisms. It reduces the occurrence of digestive diseases such as sputum, promotes the eugenic reproduction of microflora, and helps to synthesize certain nutrients such as vitamins necessary for animals; and raises young animals with poor sanitation, poor management and poor resistance, and various The effect is particularly pronounced under stress conditions.
2. Feed drug additives have the effect of saving nutrients. The use of antibiotics in livestock can thin the intestinal wall and promote the absorption of nutrients.
3. Other principles. There are many explanations for the mechanism of feed drug additives to promote animal growth. More than one view is that the antibiotics interact with the microbes in the gut, inhibiting the reproduction of parasitic bacteria such as Streptococcus faecalis to promote growth. The microecological preparations are the same, but the microecological preparations have not yet been evaluated for maturity.
(III) Principle of action of feed drug additives The antibacterial effect of feed drug additives is mainly achieved by destroying the energy metabolism system of bacteria, cutting off the energy source and affecting the gene expression of the bacteria and the transmission of genetic information, inhibiting or blocking Synthesis of bacterial proteins; inhibits or interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, destroys the structure of bacterial cells.
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