In the English version of the "China Daily" on May 10th speech: China stated in its 12th Five-Year Plan that it is striving to become the world's green energy power. The implementation of relevant environmental policies will help China achieve its overall goal of reducing carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 2020 from 40% to 45% in 2005. In addition, it also includes increasing the proportion of non-fossil fuels by 15%, saving energy used in buildings, increasing the utilization of energy in transportation and industrial fields, preventing environmental pollution caused by cities, agriculture, and industry in energy and raw materials. Management promotes circular economy and other goals.
China's per capita ecological footprint is less than 2 acres, while the United States has a per capita ecological footprint of 24 acres. Compared with the United States, China has greater potential and space for improving per capita ecological footprint. However, the tendency of the Chinese to repeat the "American way of life" may bring about social and ecological environmental problems. Therefore, China must go its own way.
Because of its vast geographical area, large population, complicated and diverse geography, culture, and society, China is faced with many ecological problems. The Chinese government has realized the impact of climate change. Potential changes brought about by environmental changes and excessive pressure on ecosystems include floods, eutrophication, glaciers, irrigation water shortages, biodiversity loss, landscape destruction, soil degradation, loss of arable land, land desertification, and soil pollution.
In order to solve the above problems and gain public participation, the most important thing is to raise people's awareness. In the past 30 years, China is the only country that has strictly controlled the growth of its domestic population and has made tremendous contributions to the stability of the world. At the same time, Chinese people generally have the habit of diligently saving and recycling resources and goods, of course, sometimes for the purpose of saving money.
However, the Chinese should do more. For example, learning from families in European countries, classifying their own garbage. To understand the importance of household separation of biodegradable waste for energy security, environmental protection, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, people must have a more comprehensive ecological network thinking.
China has the world's largest bio-organic waste, so China can use bio-energy instead of 1 billion tons of coal. This figure is probably one-third of the current total coal consumption. Taking Germany as an example, the latest data show that 23% of Germany's main energy sources in 2005 came from bio-organic waste.
Biogas and other forms of solid (such as wood), liquid (such as bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, etc.) bio-energy can replace fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and nuclear energy. Compared with wind energy and solar energy, bioenergy has great advantages that are independent of the weather conditions, so it is more stable and reliable. Bioenergy can be stored and acquired more easily, so it can be a controlled basic energy supply. At present, this characteristic of bioenergy has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, bioenergy has not been effectively exploited and its value has been greatly underestimated.
In the use of biological energy, the German practice is a model in the world. China has followed the example of Germany and made no small progress. Since 2005, the Institute of Clean Energy and Environmental Engineering of the Shenyang Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics has carried out a series of studies to test whether it is feasible to use agriculture and urban organic waste to produce renewable biogas. In the pilot areas where people’s participation has reached 60% to 70%, the average annual amount of degradable waste collected is 80 kg. The 80 kilograms of organic waste generated by the biogas is enough to run a car for at least 600 kilometers. However, at present, most of these organic wastes are still disposed of by landfills.
The method of burning does not enable us to obtain energy from the garbage. In order to fully access the energy in the waste, we should classify the waste into wet and dry according to its degree of dryness. This system has just recently been introduced into 3,000 residential areas in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang and Harbin. Dry garbage can be directly burned or converted into fuel energy. Wet garbage is a major component of biological waste and can be used to make biogas.
In China, managing the supply of sustainable energy is very important. When a traditional, centralized energy supply system encounters an emerging, decentralized, and small-scale energy supply system based on local renewable energy, the challenge for people is how to match the power generation capacity of 600,000 kilowatts with the power generation capacity. Weak solar panels, small wind turbines, and medium-scale biogas plants are united.
According to the “Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy†promulgated by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2007, by 2020, at least 3 gigawatts of electricity should come from large and medium-sized biogas plants.
The National Development and Reform Commission also believes that by 2050, bioenergy can replace 1 billion tons of coal. At the same time, we also hope that the 12th Five-Year Plan will strengthen people's understanding of biological energy and increase the use of energy from the transformation of agricultural, urban, and industrial organic fertilizers. The application of modern technologies based on international standards can promote the development of bioenergy, and can also achieve China's renewable energy goals quickly and economically.
We all know that radioactive waste from nuclear power plants will cause serious health problems for the health of our children and grandchildren, and it will also impose a heavy burden on sustainable development. The widespread use of bioenergy will make it possible to replace nuclear power plants.
China's per capita ecological footprint is less than 2 acres, while the United States has a per capita ecological footprint of 24 acres. Compared with the United States, China has greater potential and space for improving per capita ecological footprint. However, the tendency of the Chinese to repeat the "American way of life" may bring about social and ecological environmental problems. Therefore, China must go its own way.
Because of its vast geographical area, large population, complicated and diverse geography, culture, and society, China is faced with many ecological problems. The Chinese government has realized the impact of climate change. Potential changes brought about by environmental changes and excessive pressure on ecosystems include floods, eutrophication, glaciers, irrigation water shortages, biodiversity loss, landscape destruction, soil degradation, loss of arable land, land desertification, and soil pollution.
In order to solve the above problems and gain public participation, the most important thing is to raise people's awareness. In the past 30 years, China is the only country that has strictly controlled the growth of its domestic population and has made tremendous contributions to the stability of the world. At the same time, Chinese people generally have the habit of diligently saving and recycling resources and goods, of course, sometimes for the purpose of saving money.
However, the Chinese should do more. For example, learning from families in European countries, classifying their own garbage. To understand the importance of household separation of biodegradable waste for energy security, environmental protection, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, people must have a more comprehensive ecological network thinking.
China has the world's largest bio-organic waste, so China can use bio-energy instead of 1 billion tons of coal. This figure is probably one-third of the current total coal consumption. Taking Germany as an example, the latest data show that 23% of Germany's main energy sources in 2005 came from bio-organic waste.
Biogas and other forms of solid (such as wood), liquid (such as bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, etc.) bio-energy can replace fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and nuclear energy. Compared with wind energy and solar energy, bioenergy has great advantages that are independent of the weather conditions, so it is more stable and reliable. Bioenergy can be stored and acquired more easily, so it can be a controlled basic energy supply. At present, this characteristic of bioenergy has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, bioenergy has not been effectively exploited and its value has been greatly underestimated.
In the use of biological energy, the German practice is a model in the world. China has followed the example of Germany and made no small progress. Since 2005, the Institute of Clean Energy and Environmental Engineering of the Shenyang Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics has carried out a series of studies to test whether it is feasible to use agriculture and urban organic waste to produce renewable biogas. In the pilot areas where people’s participation has reached 60% to 70%, the average annual amount of degradable waste collected is 80 kg. The 80 kilograms of organic waste generated by the biogas is enough to run a car for at least 600 kilometers. However, at present, most of these organic wastes are still disposed of by landfills.
The method of burning does not enable us to obtain energy from the garbage. In order to fully access the energy in the waste, we should classify the waste into wet and dry according to its degree of dryness. This system has just recently been introduced into 3,000 residential areas in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang and Harbin. Dry garbage can be directly burned or converted into fuel energy. Wet garbage is a major component of biological waste and can be used to make biogas.
In China, managing the supply of sustainable energy is very important. When a traditional, centralized energy supply system encounters an emerging, decentralized, and small-scale energy supply system based on local renewable energy, the challenge for people is how to match the power generation capacity of 600,000 kilowatts with the power generation capacity. Weak solar panels, small wind turbines, and medium-scale biogas plants are united.
According to the “Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy†promulgated by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2007, by 2020, at least 3 gigawatts of electricity should come from large and medium-sized biogas plants.
The National Development and Reform Commission also believes that by 2050, bioenergy can replace 1 billion tons of coal. At the same time, we also hope that the 12th Five-Year Plan will strengthen people's understanding of biological energy and increase the use of energy from the transformation of agricultural, urban, and industrial organic fertilizers. The application of modern technologies based on international standards can promote the development of bioenergy, and can also achieve China's renewable energy goals quickly and economically.
We all know that radioactive waste from nuclear power plants will cause serious health problems for the health of our children and grandchildren, and it will also impose a heavy burden on sustainable development. The widespread use of bioenergy will make it possible to replace nuclear power plants.
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