Keywords: general method of machine tool maintenance
CNC machine tool is an efficient automatic machine tool. It combines new technological achievements in computer technology, automation technology, servo drive, precision measurement and precision machinery. It is an emerging mechanical control technology. Due to its good economic performance and high production efficiency, it is in an increasingly important position in production. However, due to the advanced nature of CNC machine tools and the instability of faults, most of the faults occur in the form of comprehensive faults. Therefore, the maintenance of CNC machine tools is difficult, and the maintenance work of CNC machine tools is not standardized, which makes CNC maintenance work in a kind of Chaos state, in order to improve the use of CNC machine tools, combined with the maintenance principle of CNC machine tools, this article will talk about the general method of maintenance of CNC machine tools. The author summarizes it into four methods of "looking, smelling, asking, and cutting".
1. Look for the use of human sensory organs such as hands, eyes, ears, nose, etc. to find the cause of the malfunction. This is one of the easiest and most straightforward methods.
When a CNC machine tool fails, it is first necessary to understand the fault phenomenon, how it occurs and the process that occurs. If the fault can be reproduced, the process of the fault should be observed. Only when the first-hand situation is known can the fault be eliminated.
At the same time, observe whether there is mechanical damage; whether there are burning marks, whether the resistance and the wire have changed color; whether there are abnormalities in the running and sealing parts, such as spatter, falling off, spillage, oil, smoke, Mars, etc.; Whether the relay is tripped, whether the fuse is blown; whether the machine power supply is out of phase, whether the three-phase is seriously uneven, whether the machine tool voltage is normal, whether the parts on the electrical components are disconnected, broken, stuck, loose joints, etc.; Is it appropriate; the operator's machining program is correct. This step is the most intuitive for the maintenance inspection of CNC machine tools, and it is also a step to test the familiarity of the maintenance personnel on the hardware structure of the machine tool.
2. Smell and discern whether there is any smell. When the moving parts of the machine tool are severely rubbed, the electrical insulation layer will burn out, and at the same time, the oil, smoke, gas, and the burnt smell of the insulating material will be generated; when the machine tool is discharged, the ozone smell will be generated, and the discharge sound will be heard.
3. Ask if the machine is faulty. It is best to establish strict management measures during CNC machining, which stipulates that operators can make detailed records when they encounter failures. This can avoid the specific situation of the fault that can be accurately reflected when the maintenance personnel are not around when the fault occurs. When a CNC machine tool fails, the machine tool must first be stopped to protect the site. The operator should record the fault as detailed as possible. The important information should be observed and recorded in detail. For example, the phenomenon when the fault occurs, the fault location, And the state of the machine and the control system when a fault occurs. If the fault occurs in the automatic machining mode, the machining program number at the time of the fault, the block number at which the fault occurred, and the tool number used during machining should be recorded. If there is a fault such as excessive machining accuracy or excessive contour error, the workpiece number to be machined should be recorded, and the unqualified workpiece should be retained for specific analysis. In the event of a fault, if the system has an alarm display, the system's alarm display and alarm code should be recorded. If it is a fault that occurs when machining a part, the probability of failure when processing the same type of workpiece should be recorded.
4, cut the diagnosis of the phenomenon of the fault, and thus carry out maintenance, this step is also the most important step in the maintenance of CNC machine tools.
It can be divided into the following specific steps to complete.
4.1 System parameter check method Now the operating system self-diagnosis function of CNC machine tools is getting stronger and stronger, most of the faults of CNC machine tools can be diagnosed and corresponding measures are taken. When the CNC machine tool fails, sometimes the alarm information is displayed on the display. Sometimes there are alarm devices on the numerical control device, the PLC device and the drive device. For example, the alarm light will flash, beep, etc. At this time, first check the maintenance manual to see the corresponding parameter settings. Loss or incorrect settings of system parameters can cause changes or malfunctions in machine performance. For example, in the FANUC system automatic machining, the machine tool holder stops moving and the screen displays 500, 501 alarms. The parameter manual is queried to know that the corresponding parameter is the storage stroke limit positive and negative limit exceeded. At this time, the machine tool can be changed to the manual state. The tool can be released by correcting the tool holder to the correct stroke range and correcting the parameters.
CNC machine tool is an efficient automatic machine tool. It combines new technological achievements in computer technology, automation technology, servo drive, precision measurement and precision machinery. It is an emerging mechanical control technology. Due to its good economic performance and high production efficiency, it is in an increasingly important position in production. However, due to the advanced nature of CNC machine tools and the instability of faults, most of the faults occur in the form of comprehensive faults. Therefore, the maintenance of CNC machine tools is difficult, and the maintenance work of CNC machine tools is not standardized, which makes CNC maintenance work in a kind of Chaos state, in order to improve the use of CNC machine tools, combined with the maintenance principle of CNC machine tools, this article will talk about the general method of maintenance of CNC machine tools. The author summarizes it into four methods of "looking, smelling, asking, and cutting".
1. Look for the use of human sensory organs such as hands, eyes, ears, nose, etc. to find the cause of the malfunction. This is one of the easiest and most straightforward methods.
When a CNC machine tool fails, it is first necessary to understand the fault phenomenon, how it occurs and the process that occurs. If the fault can be reproduced, the process of the fault should be observed. Only when the first-hand situation is known can the fault be eliminated.
At the same time, observe whether there is mechanical damage; whether there are burning marks, whether the resistance and the wire have changed color; whether there are abnormalities in the running and sealing parts, such as spatter, falling off, spillage, oil, smoke, Mars, etc.; Whether the relay is tripped, whether the fuse is blown; whether the machine power supply is out of phase, whether the three-phase is seriously uneven, whether the machine tool voltage is normal, whether the parts on the electrical components are disconnected, broken, stuck, loose joints, etc.; Is it appropriate; the operator's machining program is correct. This step is the most intuitive for the maintenance inspection of CNC machine tools, and it is also a step to test the familiarity of the maintenance personnel on the hardware structure of the machine tool.
2. Smell and discern whether there is any smell. When the moving parts of the machine tool are severely rubbed, the electrical insulation layer will burn out, and at the same time, the oil, smoke, gas, and the burnt smell of the insulating material will be generated; when the machine tool is discharged, the ozone smell will be generated, and the discharge sound will be heard.
3. Ask if the machine is faulty. It is best to establish strict management measures during CNC machining, which stipulates that operators can make detailed records when they encounter failures. This can avoid the specific situation of the fault that can be accurately reflected when the maintenance personnel are not around when the fault occurs. When a CNC machine tool fails, the machine tool must first be stopped to protect the site. The operator should record the fault as detailed as possible. The important information should be observed and recorded in detail. For example, the phenomenon when the fault occurs, the fault location, And the state of the machine and the control system when a fault occurs. If the fault occurs in the automatic machining mode, the machining program number at the time of the fault, the block number at which the fault occurred, and the tool number used during machining should be recorded. If there is a fault such as excessive machining accuracy or excessive contour error, the workpiece number to be machined should be recorded, and the unqualified workpiece should be retained for specific analysis. In the event of a fault, if the system has an alarm display, the system's alarm display and alarm code should be recorded. If it is a fault that occurs when machining a part, the probability of failure when processing the same type of workpiece should be recorded.
4, cut the diagnosis of the phenomenon of the fault, and thus carry out maintenance, this step is also the most important step in the maintenance of CNC machine tools.
It can be divided into the following specific steps to complete.
4.1 System parameter check method Now the operating system self-diagnosis function of CNC machine tools is getting stronger and stronger, most of the faults of CNC machine tools can be diagnosed and corresponding measures are taken. When the CNC machine tool fails, sometimes the alarm information is displayed on the display. Sometimes there are alarm devices on the numerical control device, the PLC device and the drive device. For example, the alarm light will flash, beep, etc. At this time, first check the maintenance manual to see the corresponding parameter settings. Loss or incorrect settings of system parameters can cause changes or malfunctions in machine performance. For example, in the FANUC system automatic machining, the machine tool holder stops moving and the screen displays 500, 501 alarms. The parameter manual is queried to know that the corresponding parameter is the storage stroke limit positive and negative limit exceeded. At this time, the machine tool can be changed to the manual state. The tool can be released by correcting the tool holder to the correct stroke range and correcting the parameters.
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